Efektivitas Constructed Wetland Dengan Limnocharis flava Dan Typha latifolia Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Amonium Dan Fosfat Pada Lindi TPA Banjardowo

Waasi', Titah Rachma (2026) Efektivitas Constructed Wetland Dengan Limnocharis flava Dan Typha latifolia Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Amonium Dan Fosfat Pada Lindi TPA Banjardowo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lindi Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) merupakan limbah cair yang mengandung berbagai polutan berbahaya, termasuk amonium dan fosfat yang berpotensi menyebabkan eutrofikasi dan pencemaran badan air penerima. Pengolahan lindi di TPA Banjardowo, Jombang, masih menghadapi kendala, di mana efluen unit constructed wetland menunjukkan kadar total nitrogen sebesar 281 mg/L, sehingga belum memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Menteri LHK No. 59 Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh sistem aliran (Free Water Surface dan Vertical Subsurface) serta pengaruh jenis tanaman (Limnocharis flava, Typha latifolia, dan kombinasi keduanya/mixed plant) terhadap kinerja penyisihan amonium dan fosfat dalam lindi. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan skala laboratorium menggunakan reaktor sistem batch yang dioperasikan selama 20 hari. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Two-Way ANOVA dengan variasi sistem aliran (FWS-CW dan VSSF-CW) dan variasi tanaman (L. flava single plant, T. latifolia single plant, dan mixed plant). Parameter utama yang diukur adalah amonium (NH₄-N) dan fosfat (PO₄-P), sedangkan parameter pendukung meliputi DO, pH, dan suhu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap empat hari (hari ke-0, 4, 8, 12, 16, dan 20) dengan metode grab sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA dua arah. Sistem VSSF-CW menunjukkan keunggulan dibandingkan FWS-CW dalam menyisihkan amonium dan fosfat akibat perbedaan mekanisme, yaitu aliran vertikal pada VSSF-CW yang menciptakan kontak lebih intensif antara air limbah dengan bakteri nitrifikasi serta difusi oksigen yang lebih tinggi, dibandingkan FWS-CW yang membentuk lapisan aerob hanya di permukaan air sehingga laju nitrifikasi lebih lambat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan efisiensi penyisihan amonium VSSF-CW sebesar 85–92% (FWS-CW: 77–88%) dan fosfat sebesar 95,9–97,0% (FWS-CW: 95,3–96,9%). Parameter amonium menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi dicapai oleh mixed plant (88–92%), diikuti L. flava (87–91%), dan T. latifolia (77–85%), sedangkan parameter fosfat menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi dicapai oleh L. flava (96,9–97,0%), diikuti mixed plant (95,9–96,3%) dan T. latifolia (95,3–96,3%). Hasil uji Two-Way ANOVA menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan antara kedua sistem aliran terhadap penurunan amonium dan fosfat (P-value < 0,05). Sementara itu, variasi jenis tanaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan amonium (P-value < 0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan fosfat (P-value > 0,05).
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Leachate from landfill is a liquid waste containing various hazardous pollutants, including ammonium and phosphate, which have the potential to cause eutrophication and contamination of receiving water bodies. Leachate treatment at TPA Banjardowo, Jombang, continues to face challenges, as the effluent from the constructed wetland unit exhibits a total nitrogen concentration of 281 mg/L, which has yet to meet the quality standards stipulated in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 59 2016. This study aims to determine the effect of flow systems (Free Water Surface and Vertical Subsurface) and the effect of plant species (Limnocharis flava, Typha latifolia, and a combination of both/mixed plant) on the performance of ammonium and phosphate removal from landfill leachate. This study is quantitative in nature, conducted at laboratory scale using batch system reactors operated over a period of 20 days. The research design employed a Two-Way ANOVA with variations in flow system (FWS-CW and VSSF-CW) and plant type (L. flava single plant, T. latifolia single plant, and mixed plant). The primary parameters measured were ammonium (NH₄-N) and phosphate (PO₄-P), while supporting parameters included Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature. Sampling was conducted every four days (on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20) using the grab sampling method. Data analysis was carried out both descriptively and statistically using Two-Way ANOVA. The VSSF-CW system demonstrated superior performance compared to FWS-CW in removing ammonium and phosphate due to differences in mechanism, whereby the vertical flow in VSSF-CW created more intensive contact between wastewater and nitrifying bacteria along with higher oxygen diffusion, compared to FWS-CW which only formed an aerobic layer at the water surface, resulting in a slower nitrification rate. This was demonstrated by an ammonium removal efficiency of 85–92% in VSSF-CW (FWS-CW: 77–88%) and a phosphate removal efficiency of 95.9–97.0% (FWS-CW: 95.3–96.9%). For the ammonium parameter, the highest efficiency was achieved by the mixed plant (88–92%), followed by L. flava (87–91%), and T. latifolia (77–85%), while for the phosphate parameter, the highest efficiency was achieved by L. flava (96.9–97.0%), followed by the mixed plant (95.9–96.3%) and T. latifolia (95.3–96.3%). The results of the Two-Way ANOVA test showed a significant effect between the two flow systems on both ammonium and phosphate removal (P-value < 0.05). Meanwhile, plant species variation had a significant effect on ammonium removal (P-value < 0.05), but showed no significant effect on phosphate removal (P-value > 0.05).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Amonium, Constructed Wetland, Fosfat, Limnocharis flava, Typha latifolia, Ammonium, Constructed Wetland, Limnocharis flava, Phosphate, Typha latifolia.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Titah Rachma Waasi`
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 08:34
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 08:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136434

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