Wildan, Akmal (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Carburizer Palm Kernel Shell Dengan Media CaCO₃ Dan BaCO₃ Pada Proses Pack Carburizing Terhadap Kekerasan Dan Case Depth Material ASTM A36. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Baja ASTM A36 merupakan baja karbon rendah dengan kekerasan relatif terbatas sehingga diperlukan perlakuan permukaan untuk meningkatkan kekerasan dan case depth. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) sebagai carburizer dan jenis energizer CaCO₃ serta BaCO₃ terhadap kekerasan, total case depth (TCD), dan effective case depth (ECD) baja ASTM A36 melalui proses pack carburizing. Variasi sampel terdiri atas 1 PKS:CaCO₃ (80:20), 2 PKS:CaCO₃ (70:30), 3 PKS:CaCO₃ (60:40), 4 PKS:BaCO₃ (80:20), 5 PKS:BaCO₃ (70:30), dan 6 PKS:BaCO₃ (60:40). Proses pack carburizing dilakukan pada temperatur 950°C dengan waktu penahanan selama 4 jam, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan quenching menggunakan media air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi rasio PKS:energizer dan jenis energizer memengaruhi nilai kekerasan serta case depth. Secara umum, CaCO₃ menghasilkan kekerasan dan case depth yang lebih baik dibandingkan BaCO₃ pada rasio yang sama. Rasio PKS:energizer 70:30 menghasilkan kekerasan tertinggi pada kedua jenis energizer. Sampel 2 menghasilkan kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 862,3 HV pada permukaan, TCD sebesar 2.388 µm, dan ECD tertinggi sebesar 1.071 µm. Sampel 5 menghasilkan kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 828,26 HV pada kedalaman 1.200 µm, TCD tertinggi sebesar 2.449 µm, tetapi tidak memenuhi kriteria ECD karena kekerasan permukaannya berada di bawah 550 HV. Pada rasio 60:40, sampel 3 dan 6 tidak memenuhi kriteria ECD. Berdasarkan variasi yang diuji, kombinasi PKS:CaCO₃ (70:30) pada sampel 2 merupakan variasi yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan dan menghasilkan case depth yang memenuhi kriteria efektif pada baja ASTM A36.
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ASTM A36 steel is a low-carbon steel with relatively limited hardness; therefore, surface treatment is required to improve its hardness and case depth. This study aims to analyze the effects of variations in the ratio of Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as a carburizer and the use of CaCO₃ and BaCO₃ as energizers on the hardness, total case depth (TCD), and effective case depth (ECD) of ASTM A36 steel through the pack carburizing process. The sample variations consisted of 1 PKS:CaCO₃ (80:20), 2 PKS:CaCO₃ (70:30), 3 PKS:CaCO₃ (60:40), 4 PKS:BaCO₃ (80:20), 5 PKS:BaCO₃ (70:30), and 6 PKS:BaCO₃ (60:40). The pack carburizing process was conducted at 950°C with a holding time of 4 hours, followed by water quenching. The results showed that variations in the PKS-to-energizer ratio and energizer type affected the hardness and case depth. In general, CaCO₃ produced better hardness and case depth than BaCO₃ at the same ratio. The PKS-to-energizer ratio of 70:30 produced the highest hardness for both energizer types. Sample 2 exhibited the highest surface hardness of 862.3 HV, a TCD of 2,388 µm, and the highest ECD of 1,071 µm. Sample 5 exhibited a maximum hardness of 828.26 HV at a depth of 1,200 µm and the highest TCD of 2,449 µm; however, it did not meet the ECD criterion because its surface hardness was below 550 HV. At the 60:40 ratio, samples 3 and 6 did not meet the ECD criterion. Among the variations tested, the PKS:CaCO₃ combination of 70:30 in sample 2 was the most effective variation for increasing surface hardness and producing a case depth that met the effective criterion in ASTM A36 steel.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pack Carburizing, ASTM A36, Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), Energizer, Case Depth, Pack Carburizing, ASTM A36, Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), Energizer, Case Depth |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN690 Metallography. Physical metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN752.I5 Steel--Heat treatment T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN752.Q4 Metals--Quenching |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Akmal Wildan |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2026 09:03 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2026 09:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136461 |
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