Integrasi Data Hidroakustik Water Column dan Backscatter Multibeam Echosounder untuk Pemetaan Habitat Bentik di Gunung Bawah Laut

Baadilla, Muhammad Aqil Al Fatih (2026) Integrasi Data Hidroakustik Water Column dan Backscatter Multibeam Echosounder untuk Pemetaan Habitat Bentik di Gunung Bawah Laut. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Gunung bawah laut di kawasan Segitiga Karang, termasuk Laut Flores dan Laut Banda, memiliki dinamika oseanografi yang kompleks dan diketahui mengendalikan sebaran habitat bentik di sekitarnya. Pemetaan habitat bentik pada kawasan tersebut umumnya masih mengandalkan data batimetri dan backscatter dari dasar laut, sementara pemanfaatan data water column yang merekam aktivitas biologis di sepanjang kolom air masih jarang diintegrasikan secara penuh dengan kedua data tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi fitur dasar laut, menganalisis mosaik backscatter, mendeskripsikan karakteristik water column, dan mengidentifikasi potensi habitat bentik di kawasan Gunung Batutara, Gunung Hobal, dan Gunung Wetar berdasarkan integrasi ketiga data tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Laut Flores dan Laut Banda menggunakan data multibeam echosounder Kongsberg EM302 dari Ekspedisi Jala Citra 3 yang meliputi data batimetri, backscatter, dan water column, serta data oseanografi dari pengukuran CTD Valeport Midas SVX2. Data batimetri diolah untuk identifikasi fitur morfologi mengacu pada standar GEBCO cookbook, data backscatter diolah menjadi mosaik intensitas akustik menggunakan perangkat lunak FMGT, dan data water column difilter serta diberi ambang batas menggunakan perangkat lunak FMMidwater sebelum dianalisis nilai Volume Backscattering Strength-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gunung Batutara memiliki tiga fitur dasar laut berupa seamount, caldera, dan hill, Gunung Hobal memiliki morfologi paling kompleks dengan lima fitur berupa ridge, spur, sand wave, terrace, dan kompleks knoll, sedangkan Gunung Wetar memiliki empat fitur berupa dua seamount dan dua peak pada kompleks puncaknya. Mosaik backscatter menunjukkan intensitas tertinggi secara konsisten pada zona bertopografi curam di ketiga lokasi, sementara analisis water column menunjukkan agregasi biota pelagis yang terkonsentrasi di atas puncak Batutara dan Wetar serta pola Deep Scattering Layer yang menerus di atas struktur ridge Hobal. Integrasi ketiga data hidroakustik menunjukkan bahwa zona dengan backscatter tinggi, slope curam, dan agregasi scatterer water column yang signifikan berasosiasi dengan potensi habitat bentik yang lebih tinggi, dengan karakter habitat yang berbeda pada tiap lokasi sesuai kedalaman dan setting oseanografinya.
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Submarine mountains within the Coral Triangle region, including the Flores Sea and theBanda Sea, are characterized by complex oceanographic dynamics that are known to governthe distribution of benthic habitats in their surrounding waters. Benthic habitat mapping in theseareas has commonly relied on bathymetric and backscatter data from the seafloor, while the useof water column data, which records biological activity throughout the water column, has rarelybeen fully integrated with those two data types. This study aims to identify seafloor features,analyze backscatter mosaics, describe water column characteristics, and identify the potentialdistribution of benthic habitats around Batutara Seamount, Hobal Seamount, and WetarSeamount based on the integration of these three hydroacoustic data types. The research wasconducted in the Flores Sea and the Banda Sea using multibeam echosounder data from aKongsberg EM302 acquired during the Jala Citra 3 Expedition, comprising bathymetry,backscatter, and water column data, together with oceanographic data obtained from CTDmeasurements using a Valeport Midas SVX2. Bathymetric data were processed to identifygeomorphological features following the GEBCO cookbook standard, backscatter data wereprocessed into acoustic intensity mosaics using FMGT software, and water column data werefiltered and thresholded using FMMidwater software prior to Volume Backscattering Strengthanalysis. The results show that Batutara Seamount comprises three seafloor features, namely aseamount, a caldera, and a hill, Hobal Seamount exhibits the most complex geomorphologywith five features consisting of a ridge, spurs, a sand wave, a terrace, and a knoll complex, whileWetar Seamount comprises four features consisting of two seamounts and two peaks within itssummit complex. The backscatter mosaics consistently show the highest intensity values insteep-sloped zones across all three locations, while the water column analysis reveals pelagicbiological aggregations concentrated above the summits of Batutara and Wetar, as well as acontinuous Deep Scattering Layer pattern above the ridge structure at Hobal. The integrationof the three hydroacoustic datasets indicates that zones combining high backscatter intensity,steep slope, and significant water column scatterer aggregation are associated with higherbenthic habitat potential, with distinct habitat characteristics at each location depending ondepth and oceanographic setting.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Multibeam Echosounder, Water Column, Backscatter, Habitat Bentik, Gunung Bawah Laut, Multibeam Echosounder, Water Column, Backscatter, Benthic Habitat, Submarine Mountain.
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G70.212 ArcGIS. Geographic information systems. G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography Q Science > QE Geology > QE601 Geology, Structural
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Aqil Al Fatih Baadilla
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 06:53
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 06:55
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136498

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