Analisis Risiko Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Medis Padat Menggunakan Metode FMEA dan Fishbone Diagram di Rumah Sakit X

Pinontoan, Gavrila Putri (2026) Analisis Risiko Pengelolaan Limbah B3 Medis Padat Menggunakan Metode FMEA dan Fishbone Diagram di Rumah Sakit X. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Rumah Sakit X sebagai fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan tipe B di Jawa Timur menghasilkan limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) medis dalam volume tinggi setiap harinya, namun belum memiliki kajian analisis risiko yang komprehensif terhadap proses pengelolaannya.
Kompleksitas operasional yang tinggi menyimpan potensi kegagalan sistem maupun risiko kecelakaan kerja yang dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan dan pencemaran lingkungan apabila tidak diidentifikasi secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mode kegagalan, menentukan prioritas risiko, serta merumuskan rekomendasi mitigasi pada proses pengelolaan limbah B3 medis padat di Rumah Sakit X.
Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan Fishbone Diagram. Fishbone Diagram digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab kegagalan pada setiap tahapan pengelolaan limbah B3 sedangkan FMEA digunakan untuk menilai tingkat keparahan (Severity), kejadian (Occurrence), dan deteksi (Detection) dari setiap mode kegagalan guna menghasilkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN). Nilai RPN tersebut selanjutnya dipetakan menggunakan Diagram Pareto untuk menentukan klaster vital few, sebagai dasar penyusunan rekomendasi mitigasi menggunakan pendekatan hierarki pengendalian.
Hasil identifikasi Fishbone Diagram menunjukkan bahwa failure mode kritis didominasi oleh kendala operasional dan ketidakpatuhan implementasi Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) pada kondisi riil di lapangan, bukan oleh ketiadaan SOP itu sendiri. Analisis RPN yang dipetakan melalui Diagram Pareto mengidentifikasi sepuluh failure mode klaster vital few yang secara kumulatif berkontribusi terhadap 80,82% dari total risiko, dengan dua kontributor tertinggi yaitu kerusakan atau kebocoran wadah limbah tajam dengan RPN 567 dan petugas melakukan penataan atau kontak dengan limbah di TPS tanpa menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) wajib secara lengkap dengan RPN 512. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disusun rekomendasi mitigasi melalui pendekatan hierarki pengendalian yang meliputi substitusi wadah, rekayasa teknik, pengendalian administratif, serta penyediaan APD sesuai spesifikasi risiko paparan. Implementasi rekomendasi ini diharapkan dapat menekan risiko kecelakaan kerja secara signifikan dan memperkuat kesiapan Rumah Sakit X menuju kriteria PROPER Hija.
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Hospital X, as a type B healthcare facility in East Java, generates medical hazardous and
toxic waste (B3) in high volumes daily, yet has not conducted a comprehensive risk analysis of its waste management process. The high complexity of daily operations carries the potential for system failures and occupational accident risks that may result in adverse health impacts and environmental contamination if not systematically identified. This study aims to identify failure modes, determine risk priorities, and formulate mitigation recommendations for the solid medical hazardous waste management process at Hospital X.
This study integrates the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fishbone Diagram methods. The Fishbone Diagram was used to identify the root causes of failure at each stage of B3 waste management, while FMEA was used to assess the Severity, Occurrence, and Detection of each failure mode in order to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The RPN values were subsequently mapped using a Pareto diagram to determine the vital few cluster, which served as the basis for formulating mitigation recommendations using a hierarchy of controls approach.
The Fishbone Diagram analysis revealed that critical failure modes were predominantly caused by operational constraints and non-compliance in the field implementation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), rather than the absence of the SOPs themselves. The RPN analysis mapped through the Pareto diagram identified ten vital few cluster failure modes that cumulatively contribute to 80.82% of the total risk, with the two highest contributors being damage or leakage of sharps waste containers (RPN 567) and personnel conducting waste handling or contact at the temporary storage facility without wearing mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (RPN 512). Based on these findings, mitigation recommendations were formulated through a hierarchy of controls approach comprising container substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and the provision of PPE appropriate to exposure risk specifications. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to significantly reduce occupational accident risks and strengthen Hospital X's readiness toward the Green PROPER certification criteria.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Diagram Pareto, Fishbone Diagram, FMEA, Limbah B3 Medis, Manajemen Risiko, Pareto Diagram, Risk Management, Medical Hazardous Waste, FMEA, Fishbone Diagram.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899 Waste control in special industries, plants, processes, etc
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Gavrila Putri Pinontoan
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 07:54
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 07:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136505

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