Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Industri Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment Dalam Upaya Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca

Sitorus, Alfritz Jonas Imanuel (2026) Kajian Dampak Lingkungan Industri Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment Dalam Upaya Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu subsektor perkebunan terbesar di Indonesia yang memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi dan perdagangan global. Namun di sisi lain, industri juga berpotensi meningkatkan emisi GRK dari berbagai tahapan proses produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak lingkungan industri kelapa sawit PT. XYZ terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca dengan pendekatan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Tujuan penelitian meliputi analisis variabel proses produksi industri kelapa sawit, menghitung besaran dan distribusi emisi gas rumah kaca pada tahapan proses produksi, identifikasi aspek dan tahapan produksi yang menjadi titik kritis (hotspot) penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca, serta merumuskan rekomendasi alternatif dalam upaya penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca pada industri kelapa sawit PT. XYZ berdasarkan hasil kajian dampak lingkungan Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) berdasarkan standar ISO 14040 dan ISO 14044 dengan batasan sistem cradle-to-gate, yaitu mulai dari proses penyediaan bahan baku hingga produk keluar dari pabrik kelapa sawit berupa Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Analisis LCA dilakukan melalui simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro yang meliputi tahapan berupa Goal & Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) dan Interpretation. Penilaian dampak lingkungan didasarkan pada CML baseline dengan fokus pada kategori dampak Global Warming Potential (GWP100), Eutrophication Potential (EP) dan Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem produksi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) PT. XYZ terdiri atas tahapan penyediaan bahan baku di perkebunan, pengolahan Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) di pabrik kelapa sawit, serta pengolahan Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dengan sistem methane capture dan land application. Berdasarkan analisis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), total emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan dari analisis sistem mencapai 1.083.134,02 kg CO₂-eq atau setara dengan 41,74 kg CO₂-eq per ton CPO. Distribusi emisi menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi terbesar berasal dari Proses Penyediaan Bahan Baku (Perkebunan), diikuti oleh IPAL dan proses Reception & Pre-Treatment. Hasil simulasi pada hotspot mengidentifikasi bahwa penggunaan bahan bakar berbasis fosil, penggunaan pupuk anorganik, serta pengelolaan limbah cair POME merupakan aspek kritis yang memberikan kontribusi dominan terhadap peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dampak lingkungan, alternatif penurunan emisi yang dapat diterapkan meliputi integrasi polishing treatment berupa mikroalga pada sistem pengolahan POME, produksi biochar dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), serta penggunaan biodiesel berupa B35 maupun B50. Ketiga alternatif tersebut berpotensi menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca sekaligus mendukung penerapan prinsip ekonomi sirkular dan keberlanjutan pada sektor industri kelapa sawit.
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The palm oil industry is one of the largest plantation subsectors in Indonesia and plays a significant role in national economic growth and global trade. However, it also has the potential to increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout its production processes. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of PT. XYZ's palm oil industry on greenhouse gas emissions using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The objectives of this study are to analyze the production process variables of the palm oil industry, quantify the magnitude and distribution of greenhouse gas emissions across the production stages, identify the critical aspects and production stages (hotspots) that contribute most significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, and formulate alternative recommendations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at PT. XYZ based on the environmental impact assessment. The method used in this study is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards with a cradle-to-gate system boundary, covering the processes from raw material production until the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) product leaves the palm oil mill. The LCA was conducted using SimaPro software through the stages of Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), and Interpretation. The environmental impact assessment was based on the CML Baseline method, focusing on the impact categories of Global Warming Potential (GWP100), Eutrophication Potential (EP), and Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP). The results show that the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production system at PT. XYZ consists of raw material production at the plantation, Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) processing at the palm oil mill, and Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment using a methane capture system and land application. Based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the total greenhouse gas emissions generated by the system reached 1,083,134.02 kg CO₂-eq, equivalent to 41.74 kg CO₂-eq per tonne of CPO. The emission distribution indicates that the highest contribution comes from the Raw Material Production (Plantation) stage, followed by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the Reception & Pre-Treatment process. The hotspot analysis identified the use of fossil fuels, inorganic fertilizers, and POME management as the critical aspects contributing dominantly to greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the environmental impact assessment, the proposed emission reduction alternatives include integrating microalgae as a polishing treatment in the POME treatment system, producing biochar from Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), and using B35 and B50 biodiesel. These alternatives have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while supporting the implementation of circular economy principles and sustainability in the palm oil industry.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	emisi gas rumah kaca, global warming potential, industri kelapa sawit, life cycle assessment, simapro, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential, life cycle assessment, palm oil industry, simapro.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alfritz Jonas Imanuel Sitorus
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2026 01:25
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2026 01:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136506

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