Sintesis Hidrogel Komposit Nanosilika-Kitosan Berbasis Silika Limbah Sandblasting Untuk Aplikasi Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Pada Lahan Kritis

Susanto, Ferennika Dzadzadira Putri (2026) Sintesis Hidrogel Komposit Nanosilika-Kitosan Berbasis Silika Limbah Sandblasting Untuk Aplikasi Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Pada Lahan Kritis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lahan kritis merupakan tantangan lingkungan yang ditandai oleh buruknya sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, seperti porositas rendah, bulk density tinggi, serta keterbatasan air dan unsur hara yang berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas lahan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pemanfaatan limbah sandblasting industri perkapalan yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan sebagai sumber nanosilika yang dikombinasikan dengan kitosan menjadi hidrogel komposit untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah. Proses pembuatan hidrogel melibatkan variasi komposisi kitosan dan nanosilika (1%:1%, 2%:1%, 2%:2% b/v) serta diameter hidrogel (0,3 cm dan 0,6 cm). Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan instrumen FTIR, XRD, XRF, dan FESEM untuk melihat gugus fungsi, struktur, komposisi, dan morfologinya. Hidrogel hasil sintesis selanjutnya diuji kapasitas pengembangannya (swelling) untuk mengetahui kemampuan penyerapan air. Hidrogel terbaik diaplikasikan pada sampel lahan kritis berupa tanah bekas tambang dengan dosis 0,3%. Parameter tanah yang dievaluasi meliputi parameter fisik yaitu porositas, kadar air, bulk density, dan permeabilitas, serta parameter kimia yaitu pH, total nitrogen, dan silika. Saat aplikasi pada tanah, variasi perlakuan hidrogel ukuran 0,6 cm dengan penambahan nanosilika dapat meningkatkan retensi air dalam tanah dan bulk density, serta menurunkan porositas dan permeabilitas tanah paling baik. Potensi pemanfaatan limbah sandblasting sebagai nanosilika mendukung prinsip ekonomi sirkular dengan mengurangi limbah industri dan meningkatkan nilai guna material, sehingga berkontribusi terhadap praktik pengelolaan lahan yang berkelanjutan.
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Critical land is an environmental challenge characterized by poor physical and chemical soil properties, such as low porosity, high bulk density, and limited water and nutrient availability, which lead to decreased land productivity. This research examines the utilization of sandblasting waste from the shipbuilding industry which has the potential to pollute the environment as a source of nanosilica combined with chitosan to create composite hydrogels for soil quality improvement. The hydrogel preparation process involves variations in chitosan and nanosilica compositions (1%:1%, 2%:1%, and 2%:2% w/v) and hydrogel diameters (0.3 cm and 0.6 cm). Material characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, XRF, and FESEM instruments to analyze the structure and morphology. The synthesized hydrogels were subsequently tested for their swelling capacity to determine water absorption ability. The optimal hydrogel was selected for application on post-mining soil at a dosage of 0.3%. Evaluated soil parameters include physical properties such as porosity, water content, bulk density, and permeability, as well as chemical parameters like pH, total nitrogen, and silica. Research results showed that the composite hydrogel composed of 2% chitosan and 1% nanosilica with a 0.3 cm diameter exhibited the highest swelling capacity at 128.23%. During soil application, the treatment variation using 0.6 cm hydrogels with the addition of nanosilica was most effective in increasing soil water retention and decreasing bulk density, porosity, and permeability. The potential utilization of sandblasting waste as nanosilica supports circular economy principles by reducing industrial waste and increasing material utility value, thereby contributing to sustainable land management practices.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Chitosan, Critical Land, Hydrogel, Nanosilica, Sandblasting Waste, Hidrogel, Kitosan, Lahan Kritis, Limbah Sandblasting, Nanosilika
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ferennika Dzadzadira Putri Susanto
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 08:52
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 08:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136573

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