Pemanfaatan Lumpur Industri Susu dengan Abu Tebu Sebagai Alternatif Produksi Paving Block Ramah Lingkungan Dengan Kemampuan Carbon Capture

Qoidah, Fadhilla (2026) Pemanfaatan Lumpur Industri Susu dengan Abu Tebu Sebagai Alternatif Produksi Paving Block Ramah Lingkungan Dengan Kemampuan Carbon Capture. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dampak lingkungan signifikan dari produksi semen konvensional yang menyumbang emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) dunia dan eksploitasi pasir alam yang mengakibatkan abrasi yang bertujuan membuat paving block ramah lingkungan dengan abu tebu sebagai substitusi semen serta limbah lumpur industri susu sebagai substitusi pasir dalam pembuatan paving block serta mengetahui serapan CO2. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi subsitusi semen sebesar 20% dan 30% sedangkan substitusi pasir sebesar 5% dan 10%. Abu tebu dikalsinasi pada suhu 600℃ sedangkan lumpur limbah industri susu pada suhu 750℃ yang kemudian dicetak dengan ukuran 20 cm ×10 cm × 6 cm dan dilakukan water curing 28 hari. Kapasitas serapan CO₂ diukur melalui karbonasi dipercepat dalam carbonation chamber selama 14 hari dengan kondisi terkontrol, yaitu konsentrasi CO₂ 5 ± 0,5% pada suhu 25 ± 2 °C dan relative humidity 65 ± 5%. Penyerapan CO₂ dihitung menggunakan analisis teoritis dan aktual menggunakan uji TGA serta mengukur kedalaman karbonasi menggunakan 1% phenolphthalein dan dilakukan uji kuat tekan untuk memenuhi mutu D SNI 03-0691-1996. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan lumpur industri susu didominasi gipsum/anhidrit dengan CaO 14,5%, sedangkan abu tebu memiliki total oksida pozolanik hanya 30,99% dengan K₂O sangat tinggi sebesar 42,3%, sehingga tidak memenuhi standar pozolan ASTM C618. Substitusi pasir 5% sludge menghasilkan kuat tekan terbaik sebesar 10,6 MPa sebelum karbonasi dan meningkat menjadi 32,6 MPa setelah karbonasi, memenuhi mutu D SNI 03-0691-1996. Substitusi semen dengan abu tebu secara konsisten menurunkan kuat tekan dan hanya substitusi 30% abu tebu yang memenuhi mutu D pascakarbonasi. Kapasitas serapan CO₂ aktual tertinggi dicapai variasi substitusi 10% sludge sebesar 61,26% dengan efisiensi karbonasi 94,3%, sementara variasi 5% sludge menghasilkan 56,46% dengan kedalaman karbonasi tertinggi 5,9 cm. Variasi ATB1 merupakan formulasi paling optimal yang memadukan kinerja mekanik dan kemampuan carbon capture terbaik secara keseluruhan.
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This research is motivated by the significant environmental impact of conventional cement production, which contributes carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, as well as the overexploitation of natural sand leading to abrasion and ecosystem damage. The study aims to develop environmentally friendly paving blocks by utilizing sugarcane bagasse ash as a partial cement substitute and dairy industry sludge as a partial sand substitute, while also evaluating the CO₂ uptake capacity of the resulting material. This study employed variations of cement substitution of 20% and 30%, and sand substitution of 5% and 10%. Sugarcane bagasse ash was calcined at 600°C, while dairy sludge was calcined at 750°C. The specimens were molded into 20 cm × 10 cm × 6 cm paving blocks and subjected to 28 days of water curing. CO₂ uptake capacity was measured through accelerated carbonation in a carbonation chamber for 14 days under controlled conditions: CO₂ concentration of 5 ± 0.5%, temperature of 25 ± 2°C, and relative humidity of 65 ± 5%. CO₂ uptake was calculated using theoretical analysis and actual measurement using TGA, while carbonation depth was measured using 1% phenolphthalein solution. Compressive strength tests were conducted to evaluate compliance with SNI 03-0691-1996 quality grade D (minimum 8.5 MPa). Characterization results showed that dairy industry sludge was dominated by gypsum/anhydrite with 14.5% CaO, while sugarcane bagasse ash had a total pozzolanic oxide content of only 30.99% with an exceptionally high K₂O of 42.3%, failing to meet the ASTM C618 pozzolan standard. Sand substitution with 5% sludge produced the best compressive strength of 10.6 MPa before carbonation, increasing to 32.6 MPa after carbonation, meeting quality grade D of SNI 03-0691-1996. Cement substitution with sugarcane bagasse ash consistently reduced compressive strength, and only the 30% substitution met quality grade D after carbonation. The highest actual CO₂ uptake was achieved by the 10% sludge substitution variant at 61.26% with a carbonation efficiency of 94.3%, while the 5% sludge variant yielded 56.46% with the greatest carbonation depth of 5.9 cm. The ATB1 variant represents the most optimal formulation, combining the best mechanical performance and carbon capture capability overall.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Abu tebu, Limbah lumpur industri susu, Paving block, Penyerapan CO₂, Substitusi semen, Substitusi pasir ================================================= Sugarcane bagasse ash, Dairy sludge, Paving block, CO₂ absorption, Partial cement replacement, Partial sand replacement
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fadhilla Qoidah
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2026 07:51
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2026 07:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136621

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