Kajian Risiko Kegagalan Pengelolaan Limbah Cair B3 pada Industri Manufaktur Gerbong Kereta PT X Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Risanni, Raditya Ananda (2026) Kajian Risiko Kegagalan Pengelolaan Limbah Cair B3 pada Industri Manufaktur Gerbong Kereta PT X Menggunakan Metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

PT X merupakan industri manufaktur gerbong kereta api yang memasarkan produknya ke berbagai negara, sehingga timbul tuntutan untuk menjaga standar operasional dan lingkungan secara konsisten yang menghasilkan residu pelarut, oli bekas, sisa cat dan thinner, serta solar terkontaminasi yang bersifat mudah terbakar dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila terjadi kegagalan pengelolaan. Meskipun sistem pengelolaan telah diterapkan, belum dilakukan analisis risiko terstruktur terhadap potensi kegagalan operasional, prioritas risiko belum ditentukan secara kuantitatif, dan titik kegagalan paling kritis dalam sistem belum teridentifikasi, sehingga diperlukan studi analisis kegagalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kegagalan operasional dari pengelolaan limbah cair B3, menentukan faktor kritis pada pengeleloaaln limbah cair B3, serta merumuskan rekomendasi perbaikan pada sistem pengelolaan limbah cair B3 di PT X.
Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) sebagai metode analisis risiko berbasis proses yang memungkinkan identifikasi potensi kegagalan pada setiap tahapan pengelolaan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan pihak terkait, serta telaah dokumen internal perusahaan. Setiap tahapan pengelolaan limbah diuraikan dan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi mode kegagalan, faktor penyebab, serta dampak yang ditimbulkan. Selanjutnya, tingkat risiko dievaluasi menggunakan parameter Severity, Occurrence, dan Detection untuk menghitung nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) sebagai dasar penentuan prioritas pengendalian dan penyusunan rekomendasi perbaikan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses transpor internal menuju TPS B3 merupakan tahapan dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi, bernilai RPN sebesar 60 dengan mode kegagalan utama berupa tumpahan limbah cair B3 saat pemindahan. Analisis akar penyebab mengidentifikasi enam faktor kritis yang berkontribusi terhadap munculnya risiko tersebut, yaitu sistem verifikasi pelaksanaan pemindahan, prosedur operasional, keandalan peralatan, kelayakan wadah penyimpanan, sistem inspeksi dan monitoring, serta kesiapan area dan jalur transpor internal. Penentuan faktor kritis yakni aspek dalam sistem pengelolaan limbah cair B3 yang memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap peluang terjadinya mode kegagalan dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi, sehingga menjadi prioritas dalam upaya pengendalian risiko. Berdasarkan faktor-faktor kritis tersebut, disusun rekomendasi pengendalian melalui penyempurnaan Instruksi K3LH Pengelolaan Limbah B3 guna memperkuat pengendalian operasional dan menurunkan potensi pencemaran lingkungan.
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PT X is a railway carriage manufacturing company that markets its products to various countries. Consequently, it is required to consistently maintain operational and environmental standards, resulting in solvent residues, used oil, paint and thinner residues, and contaminated diesel fuel that are flammable and potentially pollute the environment if management failures occur. Although a management system has been implemented, a structured risk analysis of potential operational failures has not been conducted, risk priorities have not been quantitatively determined, and the most critical failure points in the system have not been identified. Therefore, a failure analysis study is necessary.This study aims to analyze the operational failure risks of hazardous liquid waste management, determine critical factors in hazardous liquid waste management, and formulate recommendations for improvements to the hazardous liquid waste management system at PT X.
The approach used is Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), a process-based risk analysis method that allows for the identification of potential failures at each stage of management. Research data was obtained through field observations, interviews with relevant parties, and a review of internal company documents. Each stage of waste management is described and analyzed to identify failure modes, causal factors, and impacts. Next, the risk level is evaluated using the Severity, Occurrence, and Detection parameters to calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) as the basis for determining control priorities and developing improvement recommendations.
The results showed that the internal transpor process to the hazardous waste disposal site (TPS) is the stage with the highest risk level, with an RPN of 60, with the primary failure mode being a hazardous waste spill during transfer. Root cause analysis identified six critical factors contributing to this risk: the transfer verification system, operational procedures, equipment reliability, storage container suitability, inspection and monitoring systems, and the readiness of internal transpor areas and routes. Critical factors are identified as aspects of the hazardous waste management system that have a dominant influence on the likelihood of the highest risk failure mode occurring, and therefore become a priority in risk control efforts. Based on these critical factors, control recommendations are developed through improvements to the Occupational Health and Safety (K3LH) Instructions for Hazardous Waste Management to strengthen operational control and reduce the potential for environmental pollution.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	FMEA, Industri Manufaktur, Limbah Cair B3, Manajemen Risiko, Risiko Lingkungan, Environmental Risk, FMEA, Hazardous Liquid Waste, Manufacturing Industry, Risk Management
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55.3.H3 Hazardous substances--Safety measures. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Raditya Ananda Risanni
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 03:22
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 03:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136670

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