Ciptaningrum, Julia Safira (2026) Uji Aktivitas Agen Antibakteri dari Ligan Tiosemikarbazida dan Kompleks Ion Logamnya (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus dan Escherichia Coli. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan resistensi antimikroba (antimicrobial resistance/AMR) terhadap berbagai antibiotik konvensional menjadi tantangan serius dalam pengendalian infeksi bakteri patogen seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kedua bakteri ini termasuk dalam daftar prioritas WHO karena tingginya prevalensi strain resisten, seperti methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) dan extended-spectrum β-lactamase E. coli (ESBL). Kondisi tersebut menegaskan perlunya pengembangan agen antibakteri baru dengan mekanisme kerja non-konvensional yang lebih efektif dan selektif. Tiosemikarbazida adalah senyawa ligan organik sintesis yang memiliki gugus fenol (-OH) yang terikat pada cincin aromatik benzena, yang memberikan karakter amfifilik alami. Pembentukan kompleks antara tiosemikarbazida dan ion logam bioesensial seperti Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), dan Mn(II) diharapakan mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri senyawa melalui mekanisme kelasi sehingga lebih stabil dan biokompatibel. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode difusi agar dan mikrodilusi untuk menentukan nilai IC₅₀, sedangkan toksisitas dievaluasi menggunakan metode BSLT untuk menentukan nilai LC₅₀. Hasil uji difusi agar menunjukkan bahwa seluruh senyawa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap kedua bakteri uji dengan diameter zona hambat berkisar 0,83 ± 0,45-19,42 ± 1,23 mm. Aktivitas tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh TSC-2OH dan kompleksnya Zn-2OH. Hasil uji mikrodilusi menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh senyawa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan persentase inhibisi yang relatif tinggi. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan TSC-2OH, Mn-2OH, Co-2OH, dan Cu-2OH tergolong toksik, sedangkan Zn-2OH dan Ni-2OH tergolong tidak toksik. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil penelitian, ligan TSC-2OH dan kompleks logamnya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dan E. coli namun lebih dominan kuat terhadap E. coli. Kompleks Cu-2OH menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi, namun juga memiliki toksisitas tertinggi. Sementara itu, kompleks Zn-2OH menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi dengan toksisitas paling rendah, sehingga berpotensi menjadi kandidat antibakteri yang paling prospektif untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.
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The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to conventional antibiotics has become a major challenge in controlling infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both bacteria are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen list due to the high prevalence of resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL). This situation highlights the urgent need for the development of novel antibacterial agents with more effective and selective non-conventional mechanisms of action. Thiosemicarbazide is a synthetic organic ligand compound containing a phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene aromatic ring, which confers a natural amphiphilic character. The formation of complexes between thiosemicarbazide and bioessential metal ions such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) is expected to enhance its antibacterial activity through chelation mechanisms, resulting in improved stability and biocompatibility. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion and microdilution methods to determine the IC₅₀ values, while toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) to determine the LC₅₀ values. The agar diffusion assay showed that all tested compounds exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 0,83 ± 0,45 to 19,42 ± 1,23 mm. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for TSC-2OH and its Zn-2OH complex. The microdilution test results indicate that almost all the compounds are capable of inhibiting bacterial growth with relatively high inhibition percentages. Toxicity testing demonstrated that TSC-2OH, Mn-2OH, Co-2OH, and Cu-2OH were classified as toxic, whereas Zn-2OH and Ni-2OH were classified as non-toxic. Overall, the results demonstrated that the TSC-2OH ligand and its metal complexes possess antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli, with generally stronger activity observed against E. coli. Among the tested compounds, Cu-2OH exhibited the highest antibacterial activity but also showed the greatest toxicity. In contrast, Zn-2OH displayed high antibacterial activity combined with the lowest toxicity, indicating its potential as the most promising antibacterial candidate for further development.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aktivitas antibakteri, Escherichia coli, Kompleks logam, Staphylococcus aureus, Tiosemikarbazida, Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Metal complexes, Staphylococcus aureus, Thiosemicarbazide |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Julia Safira Ciptaningrum |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:40 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136688 |
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