Pemodelan Dispersi Emisi Polutan Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) Pada Industri Semen PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk - Pabrik Tuban

Rahmawati, Rika (2026) Pemodelan Dispersi Emisi Polutan Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) Pada Industri Semen PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk - Pabrik Tuban. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri semen merupakan salah satu sektor industri strategis yang berperan penting dalam pembangunan infrastruktur. Namun, industri ini juga berkontribusi terhadap pencemaran udara akibat emisi partikulat dan gas buang dari proses produksinya. Emisi total suspended particulates (TSP) yang dihasilkan berpotensi menyebar ke wilayah sekitar industri dan berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas udara ambien serta kesehatan masyarakat. PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk merupakan perusahaan produksi semen terbesar di Indonesia di mana tingginya kapasitas produksi dapat berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan kualitas udara di wilayah sekitar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian kuantitatif untuk memahami pola sebaran dan besaran konsentrasi polutan udara yang dihasilkan serta menentukan besaran beban emisi maksimum yang aman bagi lingkungan berdasarkan baku mutu udara ambien.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan objek studi industri semen PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk – Pabrik Tuban. Data yang digunakan adalah data tahun 2023-2025 yang meliputi data teknis dan emisi dari 24 cerobong, data meteorologi per jam reanalisis ERA5, serta data topografi dan tutupan lahan wilayah studi. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan pemodelan dispersi udara model plume Gaussian menggunakan perangkat lunak AERMOD. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan skenario dua kondisi operasional normal dan start up. Averaging period dipilih 24 jam dan musiman untuk mengetahui respon tertinggi ketika waktu 24 jam dan pengaruh kondisi musiman.
Hasil pemodelan dispersi menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran polutan TSP dominan mengarah ke barat daya dan tenggara pada musim hujan serta ke timur laut dan barat laut pada musim kemarau dengan jangkauan sebaran 2–4 km dari sumber emisi serta terjadi peningkatan pada jarak 6 km dari sumber emisi ke arah barat daya akibat perbedaan topografi. Konsentrasi TSP tertinggi pada kondisi operasional normal periode 24 jam sebesar 83,10 µg/m³ sedangkan kondisi start-up sebesar 178,64 µg/m³ yang di mana berada di wilayah non permukiman. Adapun konsentrasi rata-rata musim pada musim kemarau lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan musim hujan akibat berkurangnya proses wet deposition. Seluruh nilai hasil simulasi memenuhi baku mutu udara ambien yang ditetapkan pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021. Analisis beban emisi maksimum berdasarkan simulasi konsentrasi TSP tertinggi yang mengacu pada baku mutu udara ambien menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan jumlah produksi semen dari kondisi eksisting (6,35 juta ton semen/tahun) hingga kapasitas terpasang (14 juta ton semen/tahun) masih memenuhi batas baku mutu udara ambien. Rekomendasi pengendalian meliputi penambahan titik pemantauan downwind di arah barat daya pada jarak ±6 km dari sumber emisi serta pemantauan downwind dilakukan sesuai pola dominan musim, upgrade electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dengan baghouse filter, dan peningkatan ketinggian cerobong.
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Cement industries play an important role in infrastructure development, but it also contributes to air pollution through particulate and exhaust gas emissions from its production processes. Total suspended particulates (TSP) emissions have the potential to disperse into surrounding areas, adversely affecting ambient air quality and public health. PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk is the largest cement producer in Indonesia, where high production capacity may cause a decline in air quality in the surrounding region. Therefore, a quantitative study is required to understand the dispersion patterns and concentration of the resulting pollutants, and to determine the maximum emission load that is environmentally safe based on the ambient air quality standard.
This research was conducted at PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk – Tuban Plant. The data used covered the period 2023–2025, comprising technical and emission data from 24 stacks, hourly meteorological data from ERA5, topographic and land-cover data for the study area. The method employed was quantitative descriptive analysis using an air dispersion modeling approach based on the Gaussian plume model with the AERMOD. Modeling was performed for two operational scenarios, normal and start-up conditions. Averaging periods of 24-hour and seasonal were selected to identify the highest response within 24 hours and the influence of seasonal conditions.
Dispersion modeling results show TSP predominantly distributed toward the southwest and southeast in the wet season, and toward the northeast and northwest in the dry season, within 2–4 km of the emission sources, with a further increase at 6 km southwest due to topographic variation. The highest 24-hour TSP concentration was 83.10 µg/m³ under normal conditions and 178.64 µg/m³ under start-up conditions, occurring in a non-residential area. The seasonal average concentration was higher in the dry season than in the wet season, owing to reduced wet deposition. All simulated values complied with the ambient air quality standard under Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021. The maximum emission load analysis, based on the highest simulated TSP concentration against the ambient air quality standard, indicates that increasing cement production from the existing output of 6,35 million tons/year to the installed capacity of 14 million tons/year would still comply with the standard. Recommended control measures include adding downwind monitoring points toward the southwest at ±6 km from the emission sources and according to the dominant seasonal pattern, upgrade the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) with a baghouse filter, and increasing stack height.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AERMOD, industri semen, model gaussian, pemodelan dispersi udara, polutan udara, total suspended particulates AERMOD, air dispersion modeling, air pollutants, cement industry, gaussian model, total suspended particulates
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Environmental, and Geo Engineering > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Theses
Depositing User:	Rika Rahmawati
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 01:59
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 01:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136702

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