Fathurahman, Muhammad (2026) Evaluasi Kinerja Unit Filter Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) X Jakarta. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Unit filter merupakan salah satu unit penting pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) yang berfungsi menyisihkan partikel tersuspensi untuk menghasilkan air olahan sesuai baku mutu. Kinerja unit filter dipengaruhi oleh kondisi media filter dan efektivitas proses backwash. Namun, evaluasi kinerja filter umumnya masih berfokus pada kualitas air hasil filtrasi sehingga kondisi internal media yang menyebabkan penurunan kinerja belum dapat teridentifikasi secara spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja 12 unit filter di IPA X berdasarkan parameter efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan, rasio volume air backwash terhadap volume air produksi, dan Unit Filter Run Volume (UFRV), serta mengevaluasi kondisi media menggunakan metode filter coring untuk menyusun rekomendasi peningkatan kinerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui pengukuran kualitas air influen, efluen, dan air backwash menggunakan metode turbidimetri, pengukuran volume serta ekspansi media saat proses backwash, pengambilan sampel media dengan metode filter coring, dan analisis karakteristik media melalui floc retention profile serta sieve analysis. Data sekunder meliputi data operasional unit filter, debit produksi, tahapan backwash, dan desain unit filter eksisting. Evaluasi kinerja dilakukan terhadap 12 unit filter menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) berdasarkan parameter efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan, rasio volume air backwash, dan UFRV. Evaluasi lanjutan menggunakan metode filter coring dilakukan pada Filter 1, Filter 4, dan Filter 6 untuk mengidentifikasi distribusi akumulasi flok, perubahan karakteristik media, dan efektivitas proses backwash. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh unit filter masih mampu menghasilkan air olahan dengan kekeruhan di bawah baku mutu, dengan efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan berkisar antara 37–92%, rasio volume air backwash sebesar 2–7%, dan nilai UFRV sebesar 58,5–231,7 m³/m². Berdasarkan metode SAW, Filter 4 Plant 2 memiliki kinerja terendah dengan skor 1,6, sedangkan Filter 1 dan Filter 5 Plant 2 memperoleh skor tertinggi sebesar 3,6. Hasil filter coring menunjukkan bahwa Filter 4 mengalami akumulasi flok hingga kedalaman media dengan ekspansi backwash sebesar 16%, sedangkan Filter 6 memiliki ketebalan media hanya 65 cm sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan kehilangan media saat backwash. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, direkomendasikan rehabilitasi media melalui deep cleaning, penyesuaian laju dan durasi backwash, serta penambahan media pada unit yang mengalami penurunan ketebalan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas proses filtrasi dan mempertahankan kinerja unit filter.
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The filter unit is one of the essential units in a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), serving to remove suspended particles and produce treated water that meets quality standards. The performance of filter units is influenced by the condition of the filter media and the effectiveness of the backwash process. However, filter performance evaluations are generally focused only on treated water quality, making it difficult to identify internal media conditions that may contribute to performance degradation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 12 filter units at IPA X based on turbidity removal efficiency, the ratio of backwash water volume to produced water volume, and Unit Filter Run Volume (UFRV), as well as to assess filter media conditions using the filter coring method to develop recommendations for improving filter performance. This study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through turbidity measurements of influent, effluent, and backwash water using the turbidimetric method, measurement of backwash water volume and media expansion during the backwash process, media sampling using the filter coring method, and media characterization through floc retention profile and sieve analysis. Secondary data included filter operational data, production flow rate, backwash procedures, and existing filter design parameters. Filter performance evaluation was conducted on 12 filter units using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method based on turbidity removal efficiency, backwash water volume ratio, and UFRV. Further evaluation using the filter coring method was performed on Filter 1, Filter 4, and Filter 6 to identify floc accumulation distribution, changes in media characteristics, and backwash effectiveness. The results showed that all filter units were still capable of producing treated water with turbidity levels below the regulatory standard, with turbidity removal efficiencies ranging from 37–92%, backwash water volume ratios of 2–7%, and UFRV values of 58.5–231.7 m³/m².
Based on the SAW method, Filter 4 of Plant 2 had the lowest performance score of 1.6, while Filter 1 and Filter 5 of Plant 2 achieved the highest score of 3.6. filter coring analysis indicated that Filter 4 experienced floc accumulation throughout the media depth with a backwash expansion of 16%, while Filter 6 had a media thickness of only 65 cm, potentially increasing media loss during backwashing. Based on these findings, recommended improvements include media rehabilitation through deep cleaning, optimization of backwash rate and duration, and media addition in units experiencing reduced media thickness to improve filtration effectiveness and maintain filter performance.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Backwash, Filter Coring, Kinerja Unit Filter, IPA X, Media Filter, Backwash, Filter Coring, Filter Unit Performance, Filter Media, WTP X |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Fathurahman |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 02:21 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 02:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136711 |
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