Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Aditif Dan Variasi Temperatur Terhadap Physical Properties Dan Mechanical Properties Pada Refraktori Alumina Silica Untuk Aplikasi Rotary Kiln Pada Industri Semen

Ardhana, Novian Shevano (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Aditif Dan Variasi Temperatur Terhadap Physical Properties Dan Mechanical Properties Pada Refraktori Alumina Silica Untuk Aplikasi Rotary Kiln Pada Industri Semen. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kinerja refraktori alumina-silika pada rotary kiln sangat dipengaruhi oleh stabilitas struktur mikro dan ketahanannya terhadap temperatur tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh aditif calcium hexaluminate (CA₆), silikon karbida (SiC), titanium dioksida (TiO₂), dan zirkonium dioksida (ZRO₂), serta temperatur pembakaran 1.250°C dan 1.500°C terhadap karakteristik refraktori alumina–silika sebelum dan sesudah kejut termal. Pengujian meliputi SEM, XRD, XRF, Desnitas, MOR dan CCS. SEM menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur memperkuat ikatan antarpartikel dan menghasilkan mikrostruktur lebih kompak, meskipun masih terdapat pori, aglomerasi, dan ketidakseragaman lokal. Analisis EDX dan XRF mengonfirmasi dominasi matriks Al–Si–O serta keberadaan unsur khas dari masing-masing aditif. XRD menunjukkan mullite sebagai fase dominan, sementara peningkatan temperatur mendorong pembentukan corundum dan cristobalite. Densitas sampel berkisar 2,1485–2,2929 g/cm³, dengan nilai tertinggi pada TiO₂–1.250°C, sedangkan SiC–1.500°C menghasilkan porositas dan penyerapan air terendah, yaitu 14,22% dan 6,70%. Sebelum kejut termal, CCS tertinggi diperoleh TiO₂–1.500°C sebesar 53,93 MPa dan MOR tertinggi pada SiC–1.500°C sebesar 120,41 MPa. Setelah kejut termal, CCS menurun 3,02–11,54%, dengan TiO₂–1.500°C mempertahankan nilai tertinggi sebesar 49,47 MPa, sedangkan ZRO₂–1.250°C menunjukkan kestabilan terbaik dengan penurunan 3,02%. Penurunan MOR lebih signifikan, dengan nilai sisa tertinggi 18,65 MPa pada ZRO₂–1.250°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur 1.500°C meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik awal melalui sintering, tetapi meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap kejut termal. Secara keseluruhan, ZRO₂–1.250°C memberikan ketahanan mekanik terbaik karena kestabilan fase zirkon dan kemampuannya menghambat propagasi retak. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan jenis aditif dan temperatur pembakaran harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan aplikasi. ==================================================================================================================================
The performance of alumina–silica refractories in rotary kilns is strongly influenced by microstructural stability and resistance to high temperatures. This study investigates the effects of calcium hexaluminate (CA₆), silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) additives, as well as firing temperatures of 1,250°C and 1,500°C, on the characteristics of alumina–silica refractories before and after thermal shock. Characterization and testing included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), density, modulus of rupture (MOR), and cold crushing strength (CCS). SEM observations showed that increasing the firing temperature strengthened interparticle bonding and produced a more compact microstructure, although pores, agglomeration, and local heterogeneities were still observed. EDX and XRF analyses confirmed the dominance of the Al–Si–O matrix and the presence of characteristic elements associated with each additive. XRD analysis identified mullite as the dominant phase, while increasing the firing temperature promoted the formation of corundum and cristobalite. The sample densities ranged from 2.1485 to 2.2929 g/cm³, with the highest value obtained for TiO₂–1,250°C, while SiC–1,500°C exhibited the lowest apparent porosity and water absorption values of 14.22% and 6.70%, respectively. Before thermal shock, the highest CCS value was achieved by TiO₂–1,500°C at 53.93 MPa, while the highest MOR value was obtained by SiC–1,500°C at 120.41 MPa. After thermal shock, CCS decreased by 3.02–11.54%, with TiO₂–1,500°C retaining the highest value of 49.47 MPa, whereas ZrO₂–1,250°C exhibited the best stability with a decrease of only 3.02%. The reduction in MOR was more significant, with the highest residual value of 18.65 MPa obtained for ZrO₂–1,250°C. The results indicate that a firing temperature of 1,500°C improves initial mechanical strength through enhanced sintering but increases susceptibility to thermal shock. Overall, ZrO₂–1,250°C exhibited the best mechanical resistance due to the stability of the zircon phase and its ability to inhibit crack propagation. These findings confirm that the selection of additive type and firing temperature should be tailored to the specific requirements of refractory applications

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Refraktori alumina-silika, zat aditif, temperatur sintering, ketahanan2 termal, sifat mekanik. alumina–silica refractory, additives, sintering temperature, thermal resistance, mechanical properties
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9590+ Ceramic Q Science > QC Physics > QC 611.97.T46 Temperature effects. Including transition temperature Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Novian Shevano Ardhana
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 03:09
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 03:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136732

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