Mukhajjalin, Mirsalurriza (2026) Optimasi Multi-Origin Multi-echelon Dual-Hub Flow Network untuk Minimasi Biaya Distribusi CPO: Studi Kasus PTPN IV-PT INL. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Distribusi Crude Palm Oil (CPO) merupakan aktivitas operasional yang sangat penting dalam rantai pasok industri kelapa sawit. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (PTPN IV) menghadapi tantangan kompleks dalam mendistribusikan CPO dari 37 Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) internal dan 23 pemasok eksternal menuju PT Industri Nabati Lestari (INL) sebagai fasilitas pengolahan hilir, serta Pelabuhan Belawan dan Dumai sebagai hub ekspor. Karakteristik jaringan yang melibatkan banyak sumber, dua hub dengan fungsi berbeda, dan kapasitas olah INL yang terbatas menjadikan pendekatan transportation problem klasik tidak memadai untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Berdasarkan data operasional 2025, biaya logistik distribusi CPO ke INL mencapai Rp 162,58/kg, menunjukkan potensi efisiensi yang signifikan. Penelitian ini memodelkan sistem distribusi CPO sebagai jaringan Multi-Origin Multi-Echelon Dual-Hub menggunakan pendekatan Minimum Cost Flow yang diformulasikan sebagai Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) multi-periode. Model menggunakan data produksi aktual harian tahun 2025 (359 hari operasi, 6 hari libur) dan diselesaikan untuk 9 skenario throughput INL (Q = 1.800–4.500 ton/hari), menghasilkan 108 model MILP. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa model memprioritaskan PKS berbiaya transport terendah ke INL, dimulai dari PKS Sei Mangkei (via pompa), dan menggunakan pemasok eksternal hanya saat pasokan internal tidak mencukupi. Pada skenario Q = 1.800 ton/hari, biaya transport optimal mencapai Rp 129,78/kg — lebih rendah 20,2% dari kondisi aktual sebesar Rp 162,58/kg. Selisih tarif sebesar Rp 32,80/kg tersebut, apabila diterapkan pada volume pengiriman aktual ke INL tahun 2025 (300,6 juta kg), setara dengan potensi penghematan biaya logistik sebesar Rp 9,86 miliar per tahun tanpa memerlukan investasi infrastruktur baru. Analisis sensitivitas mengungkap bahwa peningkatan throughput INL menurunkan total biaya sistem dari Rp 379/kg menjadi Rp 293/kg (efisiensi 22,7%) akibat efek economies of scale pada biaya tetap, atau setara penurunan beban biaya tetap per unit dari total biaya sistem sekitar Rp 335 miliar/tahun pada utilisasi rendah. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan hierarki prioritas alokasi pasokan dan rekomendasi pengembangan model sebagai Decision Support System operasional PTPN IV.
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Crude Palm Oil (CPO) distribution is a critical activity in the palm oil supply chain. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV (PTPN IV) faces significant complexity in distributing CPO from 37 internal palm oil mills (PKS) and 23 external suppliers to PT Industri Nabati Lestari (INL) as a downstream processing facility, and to the Belawan and Dumai Ports as export hubs. The network structure — involving multiple sources, two hubs with distinct functions, and limited processing capacity at INL — makes the classical transportation problem an inadequate framework for solving this problem. Based on 2025 operational data, the logistics cost for CPO delivery to INL reached IDR 162.58/kg, indicating substantial room for efficiency improvement. This study models the CPO distribution system as a Multi-Origin Multi-Echelon Dual-Hub flow network using a Minimum Cost Flow approach formulated as a multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. The model uses actual daily production data for 2025 (359 operating days, 6 holidays) and was solved across 9 INL throughput scenarios (Q = 1,800–4,500 tons/day), producing 108 MILP subproblems. Results show that the model prioritizes mills with the lowest transport cost to INL, starting with PKS Sei Mangkei (via pipeline), and uses external suppliers only when internal supply falls short. At Q = 1,800 tons/day, the optimal transport cost is IDR 129.78/kg — 20.2% lower than the actual 2025 cost of IDR 162.58/kg. This IDR 32.80/kg tariff gap, applied to the actual 2025 delivery volume to INL (300.6 million kg), translates into a potential logistics cost saving of IDR 9.86 billion per year without any new infrastructure investment. Sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing INL throughput reduces total system cost from IDR 379/kg to IDR 293/kg (22.7% improvement) through economies of scale in fixed costs or equal to IDR 335 billion per year. The findings provide a supply allocation priority hierarchy and a foundation for implementing the model as an operational Decision Support System for PTPN IV.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Distribusi CPO, Optimasi jaringan, Minimum Cost Flow, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, CPO distribution, network optimization, Minimum Cost Flow, Mixed Integer Linear Programming. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.6 Transportation problems (Programming) |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Mirsalurriza Mukhajjalin |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 04:05 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 04:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136798 |
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