Remediasi Red Mud Salin-Sodik akibat Pengolahan Bauksit Menggunakan Kapur Kalsit dan Biochar (Studi Kasus: PT X, Kecamatan Tayan Hilir, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat)

Irby, Tania (2026) Remediasi Red Mud Salin-Sodik akibat Pengolahan Bauksit Menggunakan Kapur Kalsit dan Biochar (Studi Kasus: PT X, Kecamatan Tayan Hilir, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengolahan bauksit menjadi alumina melalui Proses Bayer menghasilkan residu padat berupa red mud yang bersifat alkalis dan kaya natrium (Na⁺). Karakteristik tersebut berpotensi menurunkan kualitas tanah di sekitar area penimbunan akibat tingginya pH, daya hantar listrik (Electrical Conductivity/EC), serta dominasi Na⁺ pada kompleks jerapan tanah yang memicu kondisi salin-sodik. Dampaknya meliputi dispersi agregat, penurunan porositas, terganggunya keseimbangan kation, serta menurunnya kesuburan dan daya dukung lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya remediasi untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia dan fisik tanah salin akibat pengolahan bauksit melalui kombinasi amelioran kimia dan organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen skala laboratorium dengan rancangan faktorial yang terdiri atas variasi kapur kalsit (CaCO₃) sebesar 6 gram, 9 gram, dan 12 gram serta biochar cangkang kelapa sawit sebesar 0 gram dan 72 gram. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan dilakukan dalam dua ulangan (duplo), kecuali kontrol tanpa amelioran. Tanah diinkubasi selama 7 hari, kemudian dilakukan proses penyiraman setiap tiga hari dengan volume air 1.120 mL yang merepresentasikan curah hujan rata-rata tahunan Kecamatan Tayan Hilir sebesar 3.387,17 mm/tahun. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH, EC, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), dan porositas tanah, sedangkan data hasil pengamatan akan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH red mud menurun dari 9,60 menjadi 8,60–8,90 selama masa pengamatan. Nilai EC mengalami penurunan dari 8,98 dS/m menjadi 0,426–0,574 dS/m, sedangkan nilai ESP menurun dari 83,02% menjadi 63,66–66,00%. Selain itu, porositas meningkat dari 51,72% menjadi 58,39–62,99%. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan variasi konsentrasi kapur kalsit maupun biochar tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pH, EC, ESP, dan porositas (p>0,05). Namun, pengaruh signifikan terdeteksi pada periode tertentu, yaitu faktor kalsit terhadap EC pada hari ke-7 dan porositas pada hari ke-47, serta faktor biochar terhadap pH pada hari ke-7 dan hari ke-22. Secara umum, proses remediasi yang disertai leaching menyebabkan penurunan salinitas dan sodisitas serta peningkatan porositas red mud, meskipun nilai ESP akhir masih menunjukkan kondisi yang tergolong sangat sodik.
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The processing of bauxite into alumina through the Bayer Process produces a solid residue in the form of red mud, which is alkaline and rich in sodium (Na⁺). These characteristics have the potential to degrade soil quality around the landfill area due to high pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and the dominance of Na⁺ in the soil sorption complex, which triggers saline-sodic conditions. Impacts include aggregate dispersion, reduced porosity, disrupted cation balance, and decreased fertility and environmental carrying capacity. Therefore, remediation efforts are needed to improve the chemical and physical properties of saline soils affected by bauxite processing through a combination of chemical and organic ameliorants. This study used a laboratory-scale experimental method with a factorial design consisting of variations in calcite lime (CaCO₃) of 6 grams, 9 grams, and 12 grams, and palm kernel shell biochar of 0 grams and 72 grams. Each treatment combination was carried out in duplicate, except for the control without ameliorants. The soil was incubated for 7 days, then leached every three days with a volume of 1,120 mL of water, representing the average annual rainfall of Tayan Hilir District of 3,387.17 mm/year. Parameters analyzed included pH, EC, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), and soil porosity. Observation data will be analyzed. The results showed that the pH of the red mud decreased from 9.60 to 8.60–8.90 during the observation period. The EC value decreased from 8.98 dS/m to 0.426–0.574 dS/m, while the ESP value decreased from 83.02% to 63.66–66.00%. Furthermore, porosity increased from 51.72% to 58.39–62.99%. The test results showed that overall, variations in the dosage of calcite lime and biochar did not have a significant effect on pH, EC, ESP, and porosity (p>0.05). However, significant effects were detected at certain periods, namely the calcite factor on EC on day 7 and porosity on day 47, as well as the biochar factor on pH on day 7 and day 22. In general, the remediation process accompanied by leaching caused a decrease in salinity and sodicity and an increase in the porosity of red mud, although the final ESP value still showed a condition that was classified as very sodic.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biochar, kapur kalsit, red mud, salin, sodik, Biochar, calcite lime, red mud, saline, sodic
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tania Irby
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 04:21
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 04:21
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136893

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