Putri, Natasha Yosefani (2026) Analisis Dinamika Perubahan Kebutuhan pada Proyek Implementasi ERP dengan Pendekatan Kualitatif untuk Perumusan Langkah Mitigasi Perubahan Kebutuhan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Implementasi Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) merupakan proyek transformasi sistem kerja organisasi yang memiliki tingkat risiko kegagalan tinggi. Perubahan kebutuhan yang muncul di tengah proyek menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan implementasi, pembengkakan biaya, ataupun keterlambatan proyek. Meskipun fenomena ini telah diakui dalam literatur, mekanisme bagaimana perubahan kebutuhan muncul, menyebar, dan berdampak pada elemen-elemen sistem kerja belum dipahami secara sistematis. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan pemahaman komprehensif mengenai dinamika perubahan kebutuhan pada proyek implementasi ERP melalui lensa Work System Theory (WST). Lewat kerangka teori ini, penelitian akan mengidentifikasi elemen WST yang menjadi pemicu dan terdampak. Pola hubungan antar elemen tersebut menjadi dasar perumusan checklist mitigasi untuk meminimalisasi perubahan kebutuhan dalam proyek implementasi ERP.
Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain multiple case study. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan delapan praktisi ERP yang memiliki pengalaman dalam proyek implementasi ERP di Indonesia. Proses pengumpulan data menghasilkan 33 insiden perubahan kebutuhan dari 11 proyek lintas industri. Data dianalisis melalui open coding dan axial coding, kemudian dilakukan pemetaan elemen WST dan analisis lintas kasus.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kebutuhan paling sering muncul pada fase implementation dan dominan diusulkan oleh perwakilan user. Dalam perubahan kebutuhan, elemen Participants dan Information berperan sebagai elemen WST pemicu dominan, sedangkan elemen Technology menjadi elemen yang paling sering terdampak. Analisis lintas kasus kemudian menemukan lima kelompok pola causal-chain elemen WST dari berbagai insiden perubahan kebutuhan.
Secara teoretis, penelitian ini memperluas penerapan WST sebagai kerangka analitik untuk memahami dinamika perubahan kebutuhan pada proyek implementasi ERP lintas fase dan industri. Melalui pemahaman tersebut, dihasilkan kontribusi praktis berupa checklist mitigasi yang dirancang berdasarkan pola causal-chain elemen WST.
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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation is a complex organizational work system transformation project with a high risk of failure. Requirement changes that emerge during the project are among the main causes of implementation failure, cost overruns, and project delays. Although this phenomenon has been widely recognized, the mechanisms through which requirement changes emerge, propagate, and affect work system elements remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of requirement change dynamics in ERP implementation projects through the lens of Work System Theory (WST). Specifically, it identifies WST elements that act as triggers and those that are affected, examines causal-chain patterns among these elements, and formulates a mitigation checklist to reduce requirement changes in ERP projects.
This study uses a qualitative approach with multiple case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight ERP practitioners experienced in ERP implementation projects in Indonesia. The data collection process identified 33 requirement change incidents from 11 projects across different industries. The data were analyzed using open coding and axial coding, followed by WST element mapping and cross-case analysis.
The findings show that requirement changes most frequently emerge during the implementation phase and are predominantly proposed by user representatives. Participants and Information are the dominant triggering WST elements, while Technology is the most frequently affected element. Cross-case analysis identified five groups of causal-chain patterns among WST elements across requirement change incidents.
Theoretically, this study extends the use of WST as an analytical framework for understanding requirement change dynamics across ERP project phases and industries. Practically, it contributes to a mitigation checklist based on WST causal-chain patterns. The checklist can support ERP consulting teams in preventing, detecting, and controlling the impact of requirement changes during ERP implementation projects.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | requirement change; Work System Theory; implementasi ERP, checklist mitigasi; multiple case study, requirement change; Work System Theory; ERP implementation; mitigation checklist; multiple case study. |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD30.213 Management information systems. Dashboards. Enterprise resource planning. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 57201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Natasha Yosefani Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 01:31 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 01:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136946 |
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