Analisis Pola Penurunan Sisa Klor pada Jaringan Distribusi Air Minum Perumdam Maja Tirta Kota Mojokerto

Taufiqi, Fakhrian (2026) Analisis Pola Penurunan Sisa Klor pada Jaringan Distribusi Air Minum Perumdam Maja Tirta Kota Mojokerto. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penjaminan kualitas air minum pada sistem distribusi merupakan tantangan utama bagi Perumdam Maja Tirta Kota Mojokerto, terutama dalam mempertahankan residu sisa klorin bebas yang berperan sebagai pelindung dari kontaminasi patogen hingga ke titik pelanggan terjauh. Fenomena peluruhan klorin dipengaruhi secara kompleks oleh interaksi biologis di dalam badan air (bulk decay) dan reaksi fisikokimia pada dinding pipa (wall decay), yang diperburuk oleh faktor lingkungan seperti fluktuasi suhu dan derajat keasaman (pH). Seiring dengan luasnya cakupan pelayanan yang mencapai Kecamatan Kranggan, Magersari, dan Prajurit Kulon, risiko penurunan sisa klorin di bawah batas aman menjadi sangat tinggi pada zona dengan waktu tinggal air (water age) yang lama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini sangat krusial untuk memetakan degradasi disinfektan tersebut guna menjamin kepatuhan terhadap standar kesehatan masyarakat serta efektivitas operasional instalasi pengolahan air.
Metodologi penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi observasi lapangan, uji laboratorium, dan pemodelan EPANET 2.2. Data primer sisa klorin, suhu, dan pH dikumpulkan melalui sampling metode gradien jarak dan grid di jaringan distribusi, sementara nilai koefisien peluruhan (kb) ditentukan melalui bottle test dan koefisien reaksi dinding pipa (kw) diestimasi berdasarkan karakteristik material pipa. Seluruh data tersebut diintegrasikan ke dalam perangkat lunak EPANET untuk menjalankan Extended Period Simulation (EPS) selama 24 jam. Akurasi model kemudian divalidasi menggunakan pengujian statistik Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) serta uji korelasi untuk membuktikan pengaruh suhu dan pH terhadap laju peluruhan secara signifikan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh titik sampling pada jaringan distribusi Perumdam Maja Tirta memiliki konsentrasi sisa klorin antara 0,00–0,07 mg/L sehingga belum memenuhi batas minimum 0,2 mg/L sesuai Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan pH memiliki korelasi sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan terhadap penurunan sisa klorin, sedangkan faktor dominan yang menyebabkan peluruhan adalah waktu tinggal air hingga 12 jam dan reaksi pada dinding pipa dengan kontribusi sebesar 88,39%. Pemodelan EPANET 2.2 dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi berhasil mengidentifikasi zona-zona kritis serta menjadi dasar dalam penyusunan rekomendasi teknis berupa peningkatan dosis klorin pada instalasi pengolahan air dan penerapan booster chlorination pada wilayah dengan water age tinggi, sehingga konsentrasi sisa klorin di jaringan distribusi dapat dipertahankan sesuai standar kualitas air minum secara berkelanjutan.
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Ensuring drinking water quality within a distribution system poses a major challenge for Perumdam Maja Tirta in Mojokerto City, particularly in maintaining free residual chlorine levels that protect against pathogen contamination up to the furthest consumer nodes. The phenomenon of chlorine decay is complexly influenced by biological interactions within the water body (bulk decay) and physicochemical reactions on the pipe walls (wall decay), which are further exacerbated by environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations and pH levels. As the service coverage expands across Kranggan, Magersari, and Prajurit Kulon Districts, the risk of residual chlorine dropping below the safe limit becomes highly elevated in zones with a long water age. Therefore, this research is crucial to map the degradation of the disinfectant to ensure compliance with public health standards and the operational efficiency of the water treatment plant.
The research methodology employed a combined approach consisting of field observations, laboratory testing, and EPANET 2.2 modeling. Primary data on residual chlorine, temperature, and pH were collected through sampling utilizing distance-gradient and grid methods within the distribution network, while the bulk decay coefficient (kb) was determined via bottle tests and the wall decay coefficient (kw) was estimated based on pipe material characteristics. All collected data were integrated into the EPANET software to run an Extended Period Simulation (EPS) for a 24-hour duration. The accuracy of the model was subsequently validated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) statistical testing and correlation analysis to significantly demonstrate the effects of temperature and pH on the decay rate.
The results showed that all sampling points within the Perumdam Maja Tirta distribution network had residual chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.07 mg/L, which did not meet the minimum standard of 0.2 mg/L required by the Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 2 of 2023. Statistical analysis indicated that temperature and pH had very weak and insignificant correlations with chlorine decay. In contrast, chlorine depletion was mainly influenced by water age of up to 12 hours and pipe wall reactions, contributing 88.39% of the total decay. The highly accurate EPANET 2.2 model successfully identified critical zones and served as the basis for technical recommendations, including optimizing chlorine dosage at the water treatment plant and implementing booster chlorination in areas with high water age to ensure sustainable compliance with drinking water quality standards.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	EPANET, jaringan distribusi, kualitas air minum, peluruhan bulk dan wall, sisa klor. EPANET, water distribution network, drinking water quality, bulk and wall decay, residual chlorine.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD481 Water distribution systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fakhrian Taufiqi
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 02:24
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 02:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136965

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