Desain Pabrik Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Berbasis Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Metode Hydroprocessed Ester Dan Fatty Acid (HEFA)

Nurinta, Firdian Bintang Ardi and Has, Intan Nur Aisya (2026) Desain Pabrik Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Berbasis Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Metode Hydroprocessed Ester Dan Fatty Acid (HEFA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya kebutuhan energi di Indonesia setiap tahunnya menyebabkan ketergantungan yang tinggi terhadap bahan bakar fosil, terutama pada sektor transportasi udara. Kondisi ini menimbulkan tantangan besar terhadap ketahanan energi nasional serta peningkatan emisi karbon yang berdampak terhadap perubahan iklim global. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya strategis untuk mengembangkan sumber energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu solusi potensial adalah Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), yaitu bahan bakar pesawat terbang yang dihasilkan dari bahan baku nabati, salah satunya Crude Palm Oil (CPO) melalui metode Hydroprocessed Ester and Fatty Acid (HEFA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang pabrik produksi SAF berbasis CPO dengan mempertimbangkan aspek teknis, ekonomi, dan lingkungan secara menyeluruh. Pabrik ini dirancang dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 205.000 kiloliter/tahun, beroperasi secara kontinu selama 24 jam dan 330 hari per tahun, serta direncanakan berlokasi di Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Proses produksi bioavtur terdiri atas tiga tahapan utama. Tahap pertama adalah pre-treatment, yang meliputi proses degumming dan bleaching, bertujuan untuk memurnikan CPO sehingga layak digunakan sebagai umpan utama dalam proses selanjutnya. Tahap kedua adalah hydroprocessing, di mana hasil pre-treatment direaksikan dengan gas hidrogen (H₂) melalui proses hydrotreating dan hydrocracking untuk mengonversi rantai alkana panjang menjadi fraksi bioavtur. Tahap terakhir adalah pemurnian, yang berfungsi memisahkan produk hasil hydroprocessing guna memperoleh bioavtur dengan tingkat kemurnian sesuai spesifikasi. Pembangunan pabrik direncanakan berlangsung selama 2 tahun, dengan umur operasi pabrik selama 15 tahun. Untuk mencapai kapasitas produksi yang ditargetkan, dibutuhkan biaya operasi (OPEX) sebesar Rp2.148.598.550.912 dan biaya investasi awal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp311.293.888.000. Sumber pendanaan investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 40% dan modal pinjaman sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ekonomi, pabrik ini menunjukkan kinerja finansial yang layak dengan nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 46%, pada tingkat bunga 8.05% per tahun dan laju inflasi 5,2%. Selain itu, diperoleh Pay Out Time (POT) selama 4,16 tahun serta Net Present Value (NPV) bernilai positif sebesar Rp907.912.259.424.808. yang menandakan bahwa proyek ini layak untuk direalisasikan secara ekonomi.
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The increasing energy demand in Indonesia each year has led to a high dependency on fossil fuels, particularly in the aviation transportation sector. This condition poses significant challenges to national energy security and contributes to rising carbon emissions that impact global climate change. Therefore, strategic efforts are required to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. One promising solution is Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), an aviation fuel produced from renewable feedstocks, such as Crude Palm Oil (CPO), through the Hydroprocessed Ester and Fatty Acid (HEFA) pathway. This study aims to design a SAF production plant based on CPO by comprehensively considering technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The plant is designed with a production capacity of 205,000 kiloliters per year, operating continuously for 24 hours per day and 330 days per year, and is planned to be located in Dumai, Riau Province, Indonesia. The bioavtur production process consists of three main stages. The first stage is pre-treatment, which includes degumming and bleaching processes to purify the CPO, making it suitable as the main feedstock for subsequent processing. The second stage is hydroprocessing, in which the pre-treated feed is reacted with hydrogen gas (H₂) through hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes to convert long-chain alkanes into bioavtur fractions. The final stage is product purification, aimed at separating the hydroprocessing products to obtain bioavtur that meets the required fuel specifications. The plant construction is planned to be completed within two years, with an operational lifetime of 15 years. To achieve the targeted production capacity, the required operating expenditure (OPEX) is Rp 2,148,598,550,912, while the capital expenditure (CAPEX) amounts to Rp 311,293,888,000. The investment is financed through 40% equity and 60% debt. Based on the economic analysis, the plant demonstrates favorable financial performance, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 46%, assuming an interest rate of 8.05% per year and an inflation rate of 5.2%. Furthermore, the Pay Out Time (POT) is estimated at 4.16 years, and the Net Present Value (NPV) is positive at Rp 907,912,259,424,808. indicating that the project is economically feasible.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioavtur, Crude Palm Oil (CPO), HEFA, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF),
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Intan Nur Aisya Al Has
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 02:01
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 02:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136974

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