Sintesis Hydrogel Sodium Alginat-Nanosilika dari Limbah Sandblasting Terkomposit CaCl2/Asam Humat untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Lahan Kritis

Maulidi, Muhammad Nawawi (2026) Sintesis Hydrogel Sodium Alginat-Nanosilika dari Limbah Sandblasting Terkomposit CaCl2/Asam Humat untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Tanah Lahan Kritis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) merupakan salah satu isu lingkungan yang krusial di Indonesia, khususnya limbah sandblasting dari industri perkapalan yang termasuk dalam kategori limbah B3 (kode B323-1). Limbah sandblasting berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku sintesis nanosilika untuk pembuatan komposit hidrogel nanosilika–asam humat. Komposit hidrogel ini berfungsi meningkatkan kemampuan tanah dalam menahan air serta memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas lahan kritis yang saat ini mencapai 12,7 juta hektar di Indonesia. Optimasi formulasi komposit hidrogel, yang meliputi dosis natrium alginat dan ukuran partikel, menjadi faktor penting agar komposit dapat berfungsi secara optimal dalam mempertahankan kelembapan dan memperbaiki karakteristik tanah secara berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dosis natrium alginat terhadap karakteristik komposit hidrogel nanosilika–asam humat serta menganalisis pengaruh ukuran komposit terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia tanah pada lahan kritis. Nanosilika disintesis dari limbah sandblasting menggunakan metode alkali fusion, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRF, XRD, dan FESEM. Nanosilika selanjutnya dikompositkan dengan natrium alginat dan asam humat, diinjeksikan ke dalam larutan CaCl₂, dan dikeringkan hingga membentuk hidrogel. Interaksi antarkomponen dianalisis menggunakan FTIR, sedangkan kemampuan menahan air diuji melalui swelling capacity. Komposit hidrogel dengan variasi optimum kemudian diaplikasikan pada tanah lahan kritis untuk mengevaluasi perubahan karakteristik fisik dan kimia tanah selama masa pengamatan. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa nanosilika berhasil disintesis dengan distribusi ukuran partikel 1–15 nm (FESEM dan ImageJ), struktur amorf (XRD), serta kandungan SiO₂ dominan sebesar 92,05% (XRF). Variasi dosis natrium alginat memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap gugus fungsi komposit hidrogel (FTIR), dengan dosis optimum sebesar 2 gram, tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap swelling capacity. Aplikasi komposit hidrogel pada lahan kritis menggunakan ukuran syringe 23 G terbukti paling optimal dalam menurunkan bulk density, meningkatkan permeabilitas, mempertahankan kelembapan tanah, dan menstabilkan pH tanah, meskipun peningkatan kadar nitrogen tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan.
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The management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) is a critical environmental issue in Indonesia, particularly sandblasting waste generated by the shipbuilding industry, which is classified as hazardous waste (code B323-1). Sandblasting waste has the potential to be utilized as a raw material for synthesizing nanosilica to produce nanosilica–humic acid hydrogel composites. These hydrogel composites can improve the soil's water-retention capacity and enhance its physical and chemical properties, thereby increasing the productivity of degraded land, which currently covers approximately 12.7 million hectares in Indonesia. Optimizing the hydrogel composite formulation, including sodium alginate dosage and particle size, is essential to maximize its performance in water retention and sustainable soil improvement. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of sodium alginate dosage on the characteristics of nanosilica–humic acid hydrogel composites and to evaluate the effect of composite particle size on the physical and chemical properties of degraded soils. Nanosilica was synthesized from sandblasting waste using the alkali fusion method and characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The synthesized nanosilica was then combined with sodium alginate and humic acid, injected into a CaCl₂ solution, and dried to form a hydrogel. The interactions among the composite components were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while water-retention performance was evaluated through the swelling capacity test. The optimum hydrogel composite formulation was subsequently applied to degraded soil to assess changes in its physical and chemical properties during the observation period. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of nanosilica with a particle size distribution of 1–15 nm (FESEM and ImageJ), an amorphous structure (XRD), and a dominant SiO₂ content of 92.05% (XRF). Variations in sodium alginate dosage significantly affected the functional groups of the hydrogel composite (FTIR), with an optimum dosage of 2 g, but showed no significant effect on swelling capacity. The application of the hydrogel composite to degraded soil using a 23 G syringe produced the best performance by reducing bulk density, increasing soil permeability, improving soil moisture retention, and stabilizing soil pH, although the increase in soil nitrogen content was not statistically significant.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Limbah Sandblasting, Nanosilika, Asam Humat, Hydrogel, Lahan kritis.Sandblasting Waste, Nanosilica, Humic Acid, Hydrogel, Critical Land.
Subjects:	S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S633.5 Fertilizers T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.) T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Nawawi Maulidi
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 03:33
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 03:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/136989

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