Kinerja Media Filter Berlapis Pasir-Antrasit-Biochar Sebagai Sistem Filtrasi Langsung Untuk Pengolahan Air Minum

Wiwaha, Gandewa (2026) Kinerja Media Filter Berlapis Pasir-Antrasit-Biochar Sebagai Sistem Filtrasi Langsung Untuk Pengolahan Air Minum. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Akses terhadap air minum yang aman di daerah terpencil Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, terutama keterbatasan infrastruktur dan ketersediaan energi listrik. Sistem pengolahan air konvensional umumnya memerlukan unit sedimentasi, kebutuhan energi yang lebih besar, serta pengoperasian yang relatif kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja media filter berlapis pasir–antrasit–biochar dalam sistem filtrasi langsung berbasis gravitasi, menganalisis pengaruh penambahan biochar terhadap karakteristik headloss, serta membandingkan kinerjanya dengan sistem pengolahan konvensional. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental pada skala laboratorium menggunakan unit filtrasi langsung berbasis gravitasi dengan konfigurasi media antrasit–biochar–pasir silika. Pengujian dilakukan pada variasi kekeruhan air baku sebesar 10, 30, dan 50 NTU dengan kecepatan filtrasi 5–7 m/jam. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kekeruhan, headloss, dan zat organik berdasarkan nilai Permanganat (Permanganate Value). Data hasil pengujian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan komparatif untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas media filter dan stabilitas operasi sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media filter berlapis pasir–antrasit–biochar mampu menghasilkan kualitas efluen yang sangat baik dengan nilai kekeruhan rata-rata di bawah 0,5 NTU pada seluruh variasi pengujian. Efisiensi penyisihan kekeruhan tertinggi mencapai 99,68% pada kekeruhan influen 50 NTU. Penambahan biochar juga mampu menekan laju kenaikan headloss, dimana pada kekeruhan 10 NTU kenaikannya hanya sebesar 18,80% dibandingkan 29,27% pada filter tanpa biochar. Selain itu, media biochar menunjukkan kemampuan penyisihan zat organik yang baik dengan efisiensi mencapai 60,6%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa filtrasi langsung berbasis gravitasi menggunakan media pasir–antrasit–biochar berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengolahan air minum yang sederhana, hemat energi, dan sesuai untuk daerah terpencil.
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Access to safe drinking water in remote areas of Indonesia still faces various challenges, particularly due to limited infrastructure and electricity availability. Conventional water treatment systems generally require sedimentation units, higher energy consumption, and relatively complex operation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a layered sand–anthracite–biochar filter media in a gravity-based direct filtration system, analyze the effect of biochar addition on headloss characteristics, and compare its performance with that of conventional treatment systems. The research employed an experimental laboratory-scale approach using a gravity-based direct filtration unit with an anthracite–biochar–silica sand media configuration. Experiments were conducted at raw water turbidity levels of 10, 30, and 50 NTU and filtration rates of 5–7 m/h. The analyzed parameters included turbidity, headloss, and organic matter content based on the Permanganate Value (PV). The experimental data were analyzed descriptively and comparatively to evaluate the effectiveness of the filter media and the operational stability of the system. The results demonstrated that the layered sand–anthracite–biochar filter media produced excellent effluent quality, with average turbidity values below 0.5 NTU under all test conditions. The highest turbidity removal efficiency reached 99.68% at an influent turbidity of 50 NTU. The addition of biochar also reduced the rate of headloss increase, where at an influent turbidity of 10 NTU the increase was only 18.80%, compared with 29.27% in the filter without biochar. Furthermore, the biochar media exhibited good organic matter removal capability, achieving an efficiency of up to 60.6%. These findings indicate that gravity-based direct filtration using sand–anthracite–biochar media has strong potential as a simple, energy-efficient, and appropriate drinking water treatment alternative for remote areas.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biochar, daerah terpencil, filtrasi langsung, gravitasi, media berlapis, direct filtration, gravity-based system, layered media, remote areas
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Gandewa Wiwaha
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:40
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137031

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