Distribusi Partikel Mikroplastik Dalam Ekosistem Perairan Tambak Di Kawasan Muara Sungai

Zakia, Annida Wakhdatus (2026) Distribusi Partikel Mikroplastik Dalam Ekosistem Perairan Tambak Di Kawasan Muara Sungai. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kawasan muara sungai merupakan wilayah transisi yang rentan terhadap akumulasi mikroplastik akibat interaksi aktivitas daratan, perairan tawar, dan laut. Ekosistem perairan tambak yang memanfaatkan air muara sebagai sumber air berpotensi berperan penting dalam persebaran dan akumulasi mikroplastik. Namun demikian, kajian yang mengintegrasikan pergerakan mikroplastik antar kompartemen dalam sistem tambak secara kuantitatif masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persebaran dan neraca massa mikroplastik dalam ekosistem perairan tambak di kawasan muara sungai guna memahami peran tambak sebagai penerima, penyimpan, dan potensi sumber pelepasan mikroplastik ke lingkungan sekitarnya.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui observasi lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Sampel yang diambil meliputi perairan dan sedimen tambak, serta pakan yang digunakan. Proses identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan melalui tahapan preparasi yang meliputi destruksi bahan organik menggunakan Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO) dan pemisahan densitas menggunakan larutan garam. Karakterisasi morfologi dan kelimpahan mikroplastik dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo, sedangkan penentuan jenis polimer dianalisis menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Perhitungan neraca massa akan disusun berdasarkan perbandingan beban massa mikroplastik yang masuk dan terakumulasi dalam ekosistem tambak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik ditemukan pada seluruh sampel dengan kelimpahan pada air 18,05 – 34,63 partikel/L, 998,53 – 1201,96 partikel/kg sedimen, serta pada sampel pakan sekitar 6,5 – 7,4 partikel/gr berat kering Kelimpahan tertinggi ditemukan pada tambak yang berdekatan dengan pemukiman penduduk dan menerima air limbah domestik. Secara umum, mikroplastik lebih banyak terakumulasi pada sedimen dibandingkan kolom air. Karakteristik mikroplastik didominasi oleh partikel berukuran kecil dengan rentang ukuran 20 – 60 µm pada sampel air serta 100 – 500 µm pada sampel sedimen dan pakan. Adapun bentuk dan warna yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu bentuk fragment dan warna biru. Jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi meliputi High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), nilon (poliamida), dan Polypropylene (PP). Hasil perhitungan neraca massa pada keempat tambak menunjukkan bahwa total akumulasi mikroplastik secara konsisten melebihi total input yang terkuantifikasi, mengindikasikan adanya akumulasi jangka panjang pada sedimen dan sumber mikroplastik tambahan dari fragmentasi infrastruktur tambak dan jalur masuk lain yang belum terhitung.
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Estuarine areas represent transitional environments that are highly vulnerable to microplastic accumulation due to the interaction of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine activities. Aquaculture pond ecosystems that utilize estuarine water as their primary water source may play an important role in the distribution and accumulation of microplastics. However, studies integrating the movement of microplastics among different compartments within pond ecosystems in a quantitative framework remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the distribution and mass balance of microplastics in aquaculture pond ecosystems located within an estuarine area to better understand the role of ponds as recipients, sinks, and potential sources of microplastic release to the surrounding environment. This study employed a quantitative approach through field observations and laboratory analyses. Samples were collected from pond water, sediment, and commercial feed. Microplastic identification involved sample preparation through organic matter digestion using the Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO) method, followed by density separation using a salt solution. The morphology and abundance of microplastics were analyzed using a stereo microscope, while polymer composition was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A microplastic mass balance was subsequently established by comparing the microplastic loads entering and accumulating within the pond ecosystem. The results revealed the presence of microplastics in all sample types. Microplastic abundance in water ranged from 18,05 – 34,63particles/L, while sediment samples contained 998,53 – 1201,96 particles/kg. The abundance of microplastics in feed was approximately 6,5 – 7,4 particles/gr. The highest abundance was observed in ponds located near residential areas and receiving domestic wastewater inputs. In general, microplastics accumulated more extensively in sediments than in the water column. Microplastic characteristics were dominated by small-sized particles, with size ranges of 20–60 µm in water samples and 100–500 µm in sediment and feed samples. Fragment-shaped particles and blue-colored microplastics were the most dominant forms identified in both water and sediment samples. Mass balance calculations across the four ponds showed that total microplastic accumulation consistently exceeded the quantified total input, indicating long-term accumulation in the sediment and additional microplastic sources from the fragmentation of pond infrastructure and other unaccounted entry pathways.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Distribusi mikroplastik, Ekosistem perairan tambak, Mikroplastik, Neraca massa, Aquaculture pond ecosystem, Distribution of microplastics, Mass Balance, Microplastics
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Annida Wakhdatus Zakia
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 04:21
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 04:21
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137033

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