Pandia, Chris Timothy Boarnegez (2026) Pemanfaatan Kitosan sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Polimer Sintetis dalam Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja di IPLT Duri Kosambi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Lumpur tinja memiliki kadar air tinggi sehingga memerlukan proses dewatering untuk mengurangi volume, mempermudah penanganan, dan meningkatkan potensi pemanfaatan sludge cake. Keberhasilan proses tersebut dipengaruhi oleh Sludge Conditioning melalui koagulasi dan flokulasi. Poliakrilamida umum digunakan karena efektif membentuk flok, tetapi residunya sulit terdegradasi. Kitosan memiliki sifat kationik, biodegradable, dan tidak toksik serta mampu membentuk flok melalui netralisasi muatan dan polymer bridging. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja kitosan dan poliakrilamida, menentukan kondisi pengadukan dan dosis optimum, serta menganalisis retensi nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium pada sludge cake. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental pada skala laboratorium menggunakan lumpur tinja dari IPLT Duri Kosambi, Jakarta Barat. Proses koagulasi dan flokulasi dilakukan menggunakan jar test dengan variasi dosis kitosan dan poliakrilamida sebesar 20, 60, dan 80 mg/L. Kecepatan rapid mixing yang digunakan adalah 150 dan 200 rpm selama 2 menit, sedangkan slow mixing sebesar 30 dan 50 rpm selama 15 menit. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi amonia, BOD, COD, TSS, pH, pembentukan flok, waktu filtrasi, laju filtrasi, serta kandungan N, P, dan K. Proses dewatering dilakukan menggunakan filtrasi vakum. Data penyisihan parameter dianalisis dengan Two-Way ANOVA with Replication, sedangkan retensi unsur hara dianalisis dengan One-Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum poliakrilamida diperoleh pada dosis 80 mg/L, sedangkan kitosan pada dosis 60 mg/L, dengan rapid mixing 200 rpm dan slow mixing 50 rpm. Efisiensi penyisihan amonia, BOD, COD, dan TSS oleh poliakrilamida masing-masing sebesar 18,69%, 92,07%, 74,60%, dan 97,62%, sedangkan kitosan sebesar 16,31%, 89,59%, 75,48%, dan 95,93%. Kitosan menghasilkan kinerja dewatering lebih baik dengan waktu filtrasi 23 menit dan laju filtrasi 0,217 mL/detik, dibandingkan poliakrilamida selama 45 menit dan 0,111 mL/detik. Retensi nitrogen pada kitosan mencapai 99%, lebih tinggi daripada poliakrilamida sebesar 89%, sedangkan retensi fosfor poliakrilamida sebesar 34% dan kitosan 24%. Konsentrasi kalium pada kitosan mencapai 61,498 ppm, lebih tinggi daripada poliakrilamida sebesar 31,819 ppm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kitosan berpotensi digunakan sebagai alternatif flokulan yang lebih ramah lingkungan dalam pengolahan lumpur tinja.
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Fecal sludge has a high water content and therefore requires a dewatering process to reduce its volume, facilitate handling, and improve the potential utilization of the resulting sludge cake. The effectiveness of dewatering is influenced by Sludge Conditioning through coagulation and flocculation. Polyacrylamide is commonly used because of its effectiveness in forming stable flocs, although its residues are difficult to degrade. Chitosan is a cationic, biodegradable, and non-toxic biopolymer that can promote floc formation through charge neutralization and polymer bridging. This study aimed to compare the performance of chitosan and polyacrylamide, determine the optimum flocculant dose and mixing conditions, and evaluate the retention of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the sludge cake. The study was conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale using fecal sludge collected from the Duri Kosambi Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant, West Jakarta. Coagulation and flocculation were performed using a jar test with chitosan and polyacrylamide doses of 20, 60, and 80 mg/L. Rapid mixing was conducted at 150 and 200 rpm for 2 minutes, followed by slow mixing at 30 and 50 rpm for 15 minutes. The evaluated parameters included ammonia, BOD, COD, TSS, pH, floc formation, filtration time, filtration rate, and the concentrations of N, P, and K. Dewatering was performed using vacuum filtration. Pollutant removal data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA with Replication, while nutrient retention data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that the optimum polyacrylamide treatment was obtained at a dose of 80 mg/L, while the optimum chitosan treatment was obtained at 60 mg/L, both using rapid mixing at 200 rpm and slow mixing at 50 rpm. Polyacrylamide achieved ammonia, BOD, COD, and TSS removal efficiencies of 18.69%, 92.07%, 74.60%, and 97.62%, respectively, while chitosan achieved 16.31%, 89.59%, 75.48%, and 95.93%, respectively. Chitosan demonstrated better dewatering performance, with a filtration time of 23 minutes and a filtration rate of 0.217 mL/s, compared with 45 minutes and 0.111 mL/s for polyacrylamide. Nitrogen retention reached 99% with chitosan and 89% with polyacrylamide, whereas phosphorus retention was 24% and 34%, respectively. The potassium concentration in the chitosan-treated sludge cake reached 61.498 ppm, compared with 31.819 ppm in the polyacrylamide-treated sludge cake. These findings indicate that chitosan has potential as a more environmentally friendly alternative flocculant for fecal sludge treatment.
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Pemanfaatan Kitosan sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Polimer Sintetis dalam Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja di IPLT Duri Kosambi. (deposited 24 Jul 2026 01:46)
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