Jejak Karbon Kegiatan Pengelolaan Sampah di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Bantargebang

Zivana, Andien Suci Raniah (2026) Jejak Karbon Kegiatan Pengelolaan Sampah di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Bantargebang. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan timbulan sampah perkotaan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca dari sektor persampahan. TPST Bantargebang sebagai fasilitas pengelolaan sampah terpadu terbesar di Indonesia menerapkan beberapa metode pengelolaan sampah, antara lain sistem landfill dan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa). Kedua sistem tersebut memiliki karakteristik proses yang berbeda sehingga menghasilkan kontribusi emisi gas rumah kaca yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan analisis jejak karbon untuk mengetahui besaran emisi yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing sistem pengelolaan sampah sebagai dasar evaluasi pengelolaan sampah yang lebih berkelanjutan dan berorientasi pada pengurangan emisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besaran jejak karbon dari sistem landfill dan Waste-to-Energy (PLTSa) di TPST Bantargebang serta membandingkan intensitas emisi kedua sistem dalam satuan emisi per ton sampah. Data yang digunakan terdiri atas data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah serta wawancara dengan pengelola TPST Bantargebang, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan operasional dan literatur pendukung. Perhitungan jejak karbon dilakukan menggunakan metode Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 dengan menghitung emisi dari aktivitas pengelolaan sampah, meliputi penggunaan bahan bakar kendaraan pengangkut, alat berat, proses penimbunan, insinerasi, pengolahan lindi, dan konsumsi energi listrik. Emisi yang dihasilkan kemudian dikonversi ke dalam satuan karbon dioksida ekuivalen (CO2e) per ton sampah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem landfill menghasilkan intensitas emisi sebesar 1.298,04 kg CO2e/ton sampah, sedangkan sistem PLTSa menghasilkan intensitas emisi sebesar 1.778,92 kg CO2e/ton sampah. Emisi terbesar pada sistem landfill berasal dari pembentukan gas metana (CH4) akibat degradasi anaerobik sampah organik, sedangkan pada sistem PLTSa berasal dari emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) hasil pembakaran fraksi sampah yang mengandung karbon fosil. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan, sistem PLTSa memiliki intensitas emisi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sistem landfill. Analisis skenario menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pemilahan plastik dari sumber berpotensi menurunkan intensitas emisi PLTSa hingga 1.610,40 kg CO2e/ton sampah, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu strategi pengurangan jejak karbon pada sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPST Bantargebang. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis proyeksi pembentukan emisi metana menggunakan pendekatan First Order Decay (FOD) yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kapasitas PLTSa menghasilkan penurunan emisi metana landfill secara konsisten selama periode proyeksi.
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The increasing generation of municipal solid waste contributes to the rise of greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. TPST Bantargebang, the largest integrated solid waste management facility in Indonesia, implements several solid waste management methods, including landfill and Waste-to-Energy (WtE) systems through a Municipal Solid Waste Power Plant (PLTSa). These systems have different operational characteristics and consequently generate different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a carbon footprint analysis is required to quantify emissions from each solid waste management system and provide a basis for evaluating more sustainable and low-carbon solid waste management strategies. This study aimed to analyze the carbon footprint of the landfill and Waste-to-Energy (PLTSa) systems at TPST Bantargebang and to compare the emission intensity of both systems in terms of emissions per ton of waste. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through waste generation and composition measurements as well as interviews with TPST Bantargebang management personnel, while secondary data were collected from operational reports and supporting literature. Carbon footprint calculations were performed using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 methodology by estimating emissions from waste management activities, including fuel consumption of waste collection vehicles and heavy equipment, landfilling, incineration, leachate treatment, and electricity consumption. The resulting emissions were converted into carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per ton of waste. The results showed that the landfill system generated an emission intensity of 1,298.04 kg CO2e/ton of waste, while the Waste-to-Energy system generated an emission intensity of 1,778.92 kg CO₂e/ton of waste. The largest source of emissions in the landfill system was methane (CH4) generated from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, whereas emissions from the Waste-to-Energy system were dominated by carbon dioxide (CO2) released from the combustion of waste fractions containing fossil carbon. Based on the comparison, the Waste-to-Energy system exhibited a higher emission intensity than the landfill system. Scenario analysis indicated that increasing plastic source separation for recycling could reduce the emission intensity of the Waste-to-Energy system to 1,610.40 kg CO2e/ton of waste, suggesting that source separation of recyclable plastics could serve as an effective strategy for reducing the carbon footprint of solid waste management at TPST Bantargebang. Furthermore, methane emission projections using the First Order Decay (FOD) approach indicated that increasing the treatment capacity of the Waste-to-Energy system consistently reduced methane emissions from the landfill throughout the projection period.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	emisi gas rumah kaca, IPCC, jejak karbon, landfill, Waste-to-Energy (PLTSa), carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions, IPCC, landfill, Waste-to-Energy (WtE)
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD789 Refuse and refuse disposal T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD795.7 Sanitary landfills. Leachate--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD796 Incineration. Incinerators
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Andien Suci Raniah Zivana
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:40
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137076

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