Herawaty, Siti Shafwah Salsabila Fa (2026) Densitas Zooxanthellae pada Karang Acropora muricata yang Ditransplantasi pada Beton Artificial Reef dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Fly Ash-Bottom Ash (FABA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki peran penting secara ekologis, namun rentan mengalami degradasi akibat tekanan lingkungan dan aktivitas manusia. Transplantasi karang menggunakan media artificial reef menjadi salah satu upaya restorasi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mendukung pemulihan ekosistem terumbu karang. Pemanfaatan fly ash bottom ash (FABA) sebagai bahan penyusun beton artificial reef berpotensi mendukung pemanfaatan limbah secara berkelanjutan, namun respons fisiologis karang terhadap variasi komposisinya perlu dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis densitas zooxanthellae pada fragmen karang Acropora muricata yang ditransplantasikan pada berbagai variasi beton artificial reef berbahan FABA. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan, yaitu pada Desember 2025 hingga Juni 2026, di Gugus Terumbu Karang Batu Lawang, Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Penelitian menggunakan 13 variasi beton (B1–B13) dengan tiga ulangan pada setiap variasi. Pengukuran densitas zooxanthellae dilakukan menggunakan haemocytometer Improved Neubauer, kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata densitas awal zooxanthellae (T₀) sebesar 3,12 ± 0,65 ×10⁶ sel/cm². Setelah enam bulan transplantasi, densitas zooxanthellae tertinggi terdapat pada B1 sebesar 2,48 ± 0,14 ×10⁶ sel/cm², sedangkan densitas terendah terdapat pada B13 sebesar 0,64 ± 0,03 ×10⁶ sel/cm². Variasi beton berpengaruh signifikan terhadap densitas zooxanthellae (p < 0,05), dengan B4 sebesar 2,31 ± 0,26 ×10⁶ sel/cm² tidak berbeda nyata dari B1 berdasarkan uji Tukey HSD. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa variasi komposisi beton artificial reef berbahan FABA memengaruhi respons fisiologis karang, dan B1 menjadi variasi dengan respons densitas zooxanthellae terbaik secara numerik setelah enam bulan transplantasi.
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Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with important ecological roles, but they are vulnerable to degradation caused by environmental stress and human activities. Coral transplantation using artificial reef media is one restoration effort that can be developed to support coral reef ecosystem recovery. The use of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) as materials in artificial reef concrete has the potential to support sustainable waste utilization; however, the physiological response of corals to variations in its composition needs to be examined. This study aimed to analyze the density of zooxanthellae in Acropora muricata coral fragments transplanted onto various FABA-based artificial reef concrete mixtures. The study was conducted over six months, from December 2025 to June 2026, at the Batu Lawang Coral Reef Complex, Pasir Putih Beach, Situbondo. A total of 13 concrete variations (B1–B13) were used, with three replications for each variation. Zooxanthellae density was measured using an Improved Neubauer haemocytometer, and the data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. The results showed that the mean initial zooxanthellae density (T₀) was 3.12 ± 0.65 ×10⁶ cells/cm². After six months of transplantation, the highest zooxanthellae density was found in B1 at 2.48 ± 0.14 ×10⁶ cells/cm², while the lowest density was found in B13 at 0.64 ± 0.03 ×10⁶ cells/cm². Concrete variation had a significant effect on zooxanthellae density (p < 0.05), with B4 at 2,31 ± 0,26 ×10⁶ cells/cm² showing no significant difference from B1 based on the Tukey HSD test. These findings indicate that variations in the composition of FABA-based artificial reef concrete affect the physiological response of corals, and B1 showed the best zooxanthellae density response numerically after six months of transplantation.
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