Putri, Riska Ayu Ramadhana and Valentino, Rafi F. J (2026) Pengembangan Double Network Hydrogel Berbasis K-Carrageenan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Hydroxyapatite : Studi Rasio Blending Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia, Antibakteri, Dan Bioaktivitas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Cedera osteokondral pada lutut melibatkan kerusakan tulang rawan artikular dan tulang subkondral, yang umumnya disebabkan oleh trauma atau aktivitas olahraga serta dapat berkembang menjadi nyeri kronis, gangguan fungsi, dan percepatan osteoartritis. Di Indonesia, gangguan muskuloskeletal mencapai 7,3%, dengan keluhan lutut sebagai cedera tersering kedua. Meskipun terapi autograft dan allograft telah digunakan secara klinis, efektivitasnya masih terbatas akibat morbiditas donor dan rendahnya integrasi jaringan, sehingga diperlukan material biomimetik yang mampu mendukung regenerasi osteokondral jangka panjang. Dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan double network (DN) hydrogel berbasis oxidized $\kappa$-carrageenan (OKC) dan polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yang diperkuat dengan hidroksiapatit (HAp) yang berasal dari limbah cangkang rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) untuk meningkatkan osteokonduktivitas, bioaktivitas, dan performa mekanik. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi keberhasilan sintesis melalui terbentuknya ikatan kovalen dinamis ganda, yaitu Schiff base antara OKC-kolagen dan borate-diol antara PVA-boraks. Secara fisikokimia, peningkatan komposisi PVA menaikkan volumetric swelling hingga 118%, sedangkan penambahan HAp berfungsi menekan swelling hingga 103% dan menstabilkan laju degradasi. Sebaliknya, peningkatan OKC sedikit mempercepat laju degradasi hidrolitik matriks. Kombinasi ikatan dinamis tersebut memberikan kemampuan self-healing secara otonom tanpa intervensi eksternal. Pada pengujian in vitro, hidrogel terbukti bioaktif yang ditandai oleh lonjakan presipitasi lapisan apatite setelah 14 hari direndam dalam Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Pengujian antibakteri membuktikan material ini memiliki spektrum hambat yang luas, di mana rasio optimal OKC (6/2/5) menghasilkan zona hambat 13 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan 10,4 mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, Bilayer DN hydrogel OKC/PVA/HAp memiliki potensi sebagai scaffold biomimetik tangguh dan anti-infeksi untuk perbaikan jaringan osteokondral pada lutut.
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Osteochondral injuries of the knee involve simultaneous damage to articular cartilage and subchondral bone, frequently caused by trauma or sports-related activities and often leading to chronic pain, functional impairment, and accelerated osteoarthritis. In Indonesia, musculoskeletal disorders account for 7.3% of health complaints, with knee injuries being the second most frequent. Although autograft and allograft therapies are clinically applied, their effectiveness is limited by donor-site morbidity and poor tissue integration, highlighting the need for biomimetic materials capable of supporting long-term osteochondral regeneration. In this study, a double network (DN) hydrogel based on oxidized $\kappa$-carrageenan (OKC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was developed which is strengthened with hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from crab shell waste (Portunus pelagicus) to improve osteoconductivity, bioactivity, and mechanical performance. FTIR analysis confirmed the success of the synthesis through the formation of double dynamic covalent bonds, namely Schiff base (between OKC-collagen) and borate-diol (PVA-borax). Physicochemically, increasing the composition of PVA increases the volumetric swelling by up to 118%, while the addition of HAp functions to suppress swelling by up to 103% and stabilize the degradation rate. In contrast, the increase in OKC slightly accelerates the rate of matrix hydrolytic degradation. The combination of these dynamic bonds provides the ability to self-heal autonomously without external intervention. In vitro testing, the hydrogel proved to be bioactive which was characterized by a surge in precipitation of the apatite layer after 14 days of immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Antibacterial testing proved that this material has a wide inhibitory spectrum, where the optimal ratio of OKC (6/2/5) resulted in an inhibition zone of 13 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 10.4 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the result, bilayer DN hydrogel OKC/PVA/HAp has the potential as a robust and anti-infection biomimetic scaffold for osteochondral tissue repair in the knee.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Riska Ayu Ramadana Putri |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 07:01 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 07:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137096 |
Available Versions of this Item
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Pengembangan Double Network Hydrogel Berbasis K-Carrageenan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Hydroxyapatite : Studi Rasio Blending Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia, Antibakteri, dan Bioaktivitas. (deposited 24 Jul 2026 01:08)
- Pengembangan Double Network Hydrogel Berbasis K-Carrageenan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol/Hydroxyapatite : Studi Rasio Blending Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia, Antibakteri, Dan Bioaktivitas. (deposited 24 Jul 2026 07:01) [Currently Displayed]
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