Barik, Zidni Alfian (2026) Studi Penerapan Constant Current dan Constant Voltage dalam Proses Elektrokoagulasi untuk Penyisihan Kadar Logam Berat pada Air Asam Tambang PT X. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri pertambangan di Indonesia sedang berkembang selaras dengan program hillirisasi tambang nasional. Potensi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh industri pertambangan cukup besar salah satunya tantangan pengelolaan air limbah pertambangan. Air asam tambang merupakan salah satu air limbah tambang yang terbentuk dari material sulfida yang bereaksi dengan air dan udara. Air asam tambang mengandung logam terlarut yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pengujian penurunan kadar logam berat dalam air memiliki berbagai metode, salah satu diantaranya adalah melalui proses elektrokoagulasi. Dalam pengaplikasiannya, proses elektrokoagulasi dapat berjalan menggunakan dua mode pengaplikasian listrik yakni, constant current dan constant voltage. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui pengaruh constant current dan constant voltage terhadap penurunan kadar logam terlarut yang ada pada air asam tambang serta menghitung konsumsi energi dalam proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan air asam tambang dari salah satu pertambangan emas dan tembaga di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini menggunakan elektroda berbahan aluminum dengan bentuk batang pada anoda dan heliks pada katodanya. Proses elektrokoagulasi berlangsung dengan sistem continuous pada 15 L sampel air asam tambang. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk mendapakan kondisi operasi pada debit dan waktu pengendapan. Penentuan debit operasi dan waktu pengendapan berdasarkan persentase penyisihan logam berat tertinggi dan didapati debit operasi yang digunakan adalah 15 L/jam, sedangkan waktu pengendapan didapakan selama 40 menit. Penelitian utama dijalankan menggunakan dua mode pengaplikasian listrik, mode constant current dengan variasi 10 A, 15, A, dan 20 A dan mode constant voltage yang variasinya didapaktan setelah perhitungan pendekatan hasil pada mode constant current yakni 6.5 V, 8 V, dan 12 V. Konsumsi energi dihitung per-liter sampel terolah, per-massa TDS yang tersisihkan, serta per-mEq logam berat yang tersisihkan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mode constant current dan constant voltage memiliki pengaruh yang sama terhadap penyisihan kadar logam berat pada air asam tambang dengan bertambahnya kuat arus maupun tegangan yang diaplikasikan menyebabkan meningkatnya persentase penyisihan Cu, sedangkan persentase penyisihan logam Zn, Fe, dan Mn akan berfluktuasi dan tidak lebih dari 30% penyisihan. Variasi 6.5 V didapati menjadi variasi terbaik dalam menyisihkan logam berat pada air asam tambang dengan laju 1.026 mEq/L. Variasi 6.5 V juga menjadi variasi dengan konsumsi energi terendah sebesar 305.24 Wh/L atau 97.8 Wh/gram TDS tersisihkan atau 297.58 Wh/mEq logam berat tersisihkan sedangkan konsumsi energi tertinggi didapatkan sebesar 1202 Wh/L atau 381.80 Wh/gram TDS tersisihkan atau 1569.65 Wh/mEq logam berat tersisihkan.
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The mining industry in Indonesia is developing in line with the national mining hillirization program. The potential environmental impact caused by the mining industry is quite significant, one of which is the challenge of managing mine wastewater. Acid mine drainage is one of the mining wastewater types formed from sulphide materials that react with water and air. Acid mine drainage contains dissolved metals that are hazardous to the environment and health. Testing the reduction of heavy metal content in water has various methods, one of which is through the electrocoagulation process. In its application, the electrocoagulation process can operate using two modes of electrical application, namely constant current and constant voltage. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of constant current and constant voltage on the reduction of dissolved metal content in acid mine drainage and to calculate the energy consumption in the electrocoagulation process using acid mine drainage from one of the gold and copper mines in Indonesia.
This research uses aluminium electrodes with a rod shape for the anode and a helical shape for the cathode. The electrocoagulation process takes place in a continuous system with a 15 L sample of acid mine water. Preliminary research was conducted to determine the operating conditions for flow rate and sedimentation time. The determination of the operating flow rate and sedimentation time was based on the highest percentage of heavy metal removal, and it was found that the operating flow rate used was 15 L/hour, while the sedimentation time was found to be 40 minutes. The main research was conducted using two modes of electrical application, the constant current mode with variations of 10 A, 15 A, and 20 A, and the constant voltage mode with variations obtained after calculating the results in the constant current mode, namely 6.5 V, 8 V, and 12 V. Energy consumption was calculated per litre of processed sample, per mass of TDS removed, and per mEq of heavy metals removed.
The research results show that the constant current and constant voltage modes have the same effect on the removal of heavy metal content in acid mine drainage, with an increase in the applied current or voltage leading to a higher percentage of Cu removal, while the percentage of Zn, Fe, and Mn removal will fluctuate and not exceed 30% removal. The 6.5 V variation was found to be the best in removing heavy metals from acid mine drainage with a rate of 1.026 mEq/L. The 6.5 V variation also had the lowest energy consumption of 305.24 Wh/L or 97.8 Wh/gram of TDS removed or 297.58 Wh/mEq of heavy metals removed, while the highest energy consumption was 1202 Wh/L or 381.80 Wh/gram of TDS removed or 1569.65 Wh/mEq of heavy metals removed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Air Asam Tambang, Constant Current, Constant Voltage, Continuous Reactor System, Elektrokoagulasi, Logam Berat ========================================================================================================================== Acid Mine Drainage, Constant Current, Constant Voltage, Continuous Reactor System, Electrocoagulation, Heavy Metals |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Zidni Alfian Barik |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2026 06:47 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2026 06:47 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137115 |
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