Akumulasi Mikroplastik Pada Komunitas Makroalga sebagai Bioindikator Potensial Pencemaran Plastik di Pantai Balekambang, Malang

Azzahra, Dira (2026) Akumulasi Mikroplastik Pada Komunitas Makroalga sebagai Bioindikator Potensial Pencemaran Plastik di Pantai Balekambang, Malang. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan produksi dan penggunaan plastik secara global telah menyebabkan tingginya kontaminasi mikroplastik (MP) di lingkungan laut, termasuk di kawasan wisata Pantai Balekambang, Kabupaten Malang, yang memiliki aktivitas antropogenik intens. Makroalga berpotensi menjadi bioindikator polusi plastik kategori accumulator karena kemampuannya dalam menjerap dan menahan MP pada talusnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan MP, karakteristik MP (bentuk, ukuran, warna, dan tipe polimer), dan spesies makroalga yang berpotensi sebagai bioindikator pencemaran plastik di Pantai Balekambang. Didapatkan tiga spesies makroalga yang dijadikan sebagai sampel, yaitu Ulva lactuca, Halimeda opuntia, dan Callophyllis variegata. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metode digesti enzimatik-oksidatif dan separasi densitas. Sampel kemudian dianalisis secara visual di bawah mikroskop stereo dan diidentifikasi polimernya menggunakan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan rata-rata MP tertinggi ditemukan pada U. lactuca (124 ± 66,81 partikel/g berat kering (BK)), disusul oleh H. opuntia (39,2 ± 10,35 partikel/g BK), dan C. variegata (37 ± 21,26 partikel/g BK). Karakteristik MP didominasi oleh bentuk serat (73,12%–81,08%), ukuran besar >1000 µm (31,18%–38,78%), dan warna transparan serta biru. Tipe polimer yang ditemukan meliputi polyethylene (PE), polyester (PES), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), dan polyisobutylene (PIB). Berdasarkan hasil kelimpahan dan pemenuhan kriteria organisme bioindikator (morfoanatomi, sesil, terdistribusi luas, mudah disampling, dan tersedia sepanjang tahun), U. lactuca disimpulkan sebagai spesies yang paling berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pemantauan pencemaran MP, yang untuk selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan untuk pemantauan pencemaran plastik.
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The global increase in plastic production and use has led to significant microplastic (MP) contamination in marine environments, including Balekambang Beach, Malang Regency, an area with intense anthropogenic activities. Macroalgae have the potential to act as accumulator-type bioindicators due to their ability to sorb and retain MP on their thalli. This study aimed to investigate MP abundance, MP characteristics (shape, size, color, and polymer type), and the macroalgae species with the highest potential as a bioindicator of plastic pollution at Balekambang Beach. Three macroalgae species were collected as samples: Ulva lactuca, Halimeda opuntia, and Callophyllis variegata. Samples were extracted using an enzymatic-oxidative digestion and density separation method. The samples were visually analyzed under a stereomicroscope, and their polymer types were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the highest mean MP abundance was found in U. lactuca (124 ± 66.81 particles/g dry weight (DW)), followed by H. opuntia (39.2 ± 10.35 particles/g DW) and C. variegata (37 ± 21.26 particles/g DW). MP characteristics were dominated by fibers (73.12%–81.08%), sizes >1000 µm (31.18%–38.78%), and transparent as well as blue colors. The identified polymer types included polyethylene (PE), polyester (PES), ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), and polyisobutylene (PIB). Based on MP abundance and fulfillment of bioindicator organism criteria (morphoanatomy, sessile nature, wide distribution, ease of sampling, and year-round availability), U. lactuca was concluded to be the species with the highest potential for monitoring MP contamination, which may subsequently be developed for monitoring plastic pollution.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioindikator, Makroalga, Mikroplastik, Pantai Balekambang, Polusi, Balekambang Beach, Bioindicator, Macroalgae, Microplastic, Pollution
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dira Azzahra
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:15
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137134

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