Pengolahan Lindi Menggunakan Biochar-Filled Constructed Wetland

Rahmidanisyah, Aulia (2026) Pengolahan Lindi Menggunakan Biochar-Filled Constructed Wetland. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Lindi merupakan efluen cair yang terbentuk dari aktivitas penumpukan sampah organik dengan karakteristik kandungan polutan yang tinggi dan kompleks, sehingga perlu diolah hingga memenuhi standar baku mutu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Constructed wetland muncul sebagai solusi alternatif yang lebih ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Namun, sistem konvensional masih memiliki keterbatasan dalam menangani beban pencemar tinggi. Penggunaan biochar sebagai media tambahan (enhanced substrate) berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan polutan melalui mekanisme adsorpsi dan penyediaan mikrohabitat bagi mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis pengaruh proporsi berat biochar terhadap total berat media constructed wetland serta menganalisis peningkatan efisiensi penyisihan polutan pada vegetasi emergent (Typha angustifolia) dan floating (Eichhornia crassipes) dalam mengolah lindi. Sampel lindi diperoleh dari Rumah Kompos Kebun Bibit Wonorejo. Prosedur penelitian meliputi propagasi tanaman, Range Finding Test (RFT), dan prosedur perlakuan pada biochar-filled constructed wetland. Berdasarkan hasil RFT, konsentrasi lindi yang digunakan ditetapkan sebesar 60% (v/v) untuk T. angustifolia dengan volume 3,5 liter dan 40% (v/v) untuk E. crassipes dengan volume 7 liter. Variasi proposi berat biochar yakni 1%, 3%, dan 5% dari berat constructed wetland. Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi BOD, amonium, dan TSS, dengan pH dan suhu sebagai parameter pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif-deskriptif dengan menghitung efisiensi penyisihan pada setiap variasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi biochar 5% merupakan proporsi paling efektif dalam sistem biochar-filled constructed wetland untuk menyisihkan polutan pada lindi. Pada kelompok reaktor T. angustifolia, penambahan biochar 1%, 3%, dan 5% menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan BOD sebesar 54,29%, 63,60%, dan 75,85%; NH4+-N sebesar 73,49%, 81,00%, dan 89,97%; serta efisiensi penyisihan TSS sebesar 50,23%, 63,80%, dan 75,11%. Pada kelompok reaktor E. crassipes, penambahan biochar 1%, 3%, dan 5% menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan BOD sebesar 58,66%, 68,59%, dan 74,64%; NH4+-N sebesar 75,64%, 82,72%, dan 93,24%; serta efisiensi penyisihan TSS sebesar 53,24%, 67,64%, dan 85,61%. Seluruh reaktor dengan kombinasi tanaman dan biochar menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan reaktor kontrol tanaman tanpa biochar, dengan kontribusi tambahan penyisihan yang semakin besar seiring meningkatnya proporsi biochar pada kedua jenis tumbuhan.
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Leachate is a liquid effluent generated from the accumulation and decomposition of organic waste, characterized by high and complex pollutant loads that necessitate adequate treatment to meet effluent quality standards prior to discharge into the environment. Constructed wetlands have emerged as a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative treatment solution. However, conventional systems still exhibit limitations in managing high pollutant loadings. The incorporation of biochar as an enhanced substrate holds potential for improving pollutant removal efficiency through adsorption mechanisms and the provision of microhabitats for microorganisms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of biochar weight proportion relative to the total medium weight of the constructed wetland on pollutant removal efficiency in systems utilizing emergent vegetation (Typha angustifolia) and floating vegetation (Eichhornia crassipes) for leachate treatment. Leachate samples were obtained from the Wonorejo Nursery Composting Facility. The experimental procedures comprised plant propagation, a Range Finding Test (RFT), and treatment procedures in biochar-filled constructed wetlands. Based on RFT results, the applied leachate influent concentrations were set at 60% (v/v) for T. angustifolia reactors with a total treatment volume of 3.5 liters, and 40% (v/v) for E. crassipes reactors with a total treatment volume of 7 liters. Biochar weight proportions were varied at 1%, 3%, and 5% of the total constructed wetland medium weight. The primary parameters analyzed were BOD, ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), and TSS, with pH and temperature serving as supporting parameters. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively and descriptively by calculating the removal efficiency for each treatment variation. The results indicated that a biochar proportion of 5% was the most effective in biochar-filled constructed wetland systems for leachate pollutant removal. In the T. angustifolia reactor group, the addition of 1%, 3%, and 5% biochar yielded BOD removal efficiencies of 54.29%, 63.60%, and 75.85%; NH₄⁺-N removal efficiencies of 73.49%, 81.00%, and 89.97%; and TSS removal efficiencies of 50.23%, 63.80%, and 75.11%, respectively. In the E. crassipes reactor group, the addition of 1%, 3%, and 5% biochar yielded BOD removal efficiencies of 58.66%, 68.59%, and 74.64%; NH₄⁺-N removal efficiencies of 75.64%, 82.72%, and 93.24%; and TSS removal efficiencies of 53.24%, 67.64%, and 85.61%, respectively. All plant–biochar combination reactors demonstrated higher removal efficiencies than the plant-only control reactors, with incremental removal contributions increasing proportionally with higher biochar proportions across both plant species.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biochar, constructed wetland, lindi, Typha angustifolia, dan Eichhornia crassipes ======================================================================================================================== Biochar, constructed wetland, leachate, Typha angustifolia, and Eichhornia crassipes
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aulia Rahmidanisyah
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:38
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137185

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