Benboy, Wanda (2026) Desain Pabrik Sodium Karbonat Dari CO2 Hasil Produksi Biogas Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Melalui Proses Karbonasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia yang menghasilkan limbah cair berupa Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dalam jumlah besar. Pengolahan POME melalui proses anaerobic digestion menghasilkan biogas yang mengandung metana (CH₄), karbon dioksida (CO₂), hidrogen sulfida (H₂S), dan pengotor lainnya. Pada umumnya CO₂ hasil pemurnian biogas belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan masih dilepas ke atmosfer. Oleh karena itu, pada perancangan ini CO₂ hasil upgrading biogas dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku produksi sodium karbonat (Na₂CO₃) melalui proses karbonasi menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH). Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam per hari dan 339 hari per tahun dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 32.879 ton/tahun sodium karbonat. Lokasi pabrik dipilih di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Sei Mangkei, Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara, berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ketersediaan bahan baku, utilitas, aksesibilitas, tenaga kerja, dan potensi pasar. Proses produksi diawali dengan penghilangan amonia menggunakan water scrubber, dilanjutkan dengan desulfurisasi menggunakan adsorben soil laterite, karbonasi CO₂ menggunakan larutan NaOH pada reaktor packed column, pemekatan larutan menggunakan multiple effect evaporator, kristalisasi, pemisahan kristal dengan centrifuge, pengeringan menggunakan rotary dryer, serta pengecilan ukuran produk menggunakan ball mill. Berdasarkan hasil perancangan, pabrik menghasilkan sodium karbonat dengan kemurnian sesuai spesifikasi industri. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa pabrik layak untuk didirikan dengan nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 15,03%, Pay Out Time (POT) sebesar 6,571 tahun, Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 15,71% kapasitas produksi, dan Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 72.486.718.799,06. Selain memberikan keuntungan ekonomi, pabrik ini juga mendukung konsep Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) melalui pemanfaatan CO₂ hasil upgrading biogas POME menjadi produk kimia bernilai tambah.
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Indonesia is one of the world's largest palm oil producers, generating substantial quantities of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as a by-product. Through anaerobic digestion, POME can be converted into biogas containing methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and other impurities. In most biogas upgrading systems, the separated CO₂ stream is released into the atmosphere and remains underutilized. Therefore, this plant design proposes the utilization of CO₂ recovered from POME biogas upgrading as a feedstock for sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) production through a carbonation process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The plant is designed to operate continuously for 24 hours per day and 330 days per year with a production capacity of 32,879 tons of sodium carbonate per year. The plant location is selected in the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, based on raw material availability, utility accessibility, transportation infrastructure, labor availability, and market potential. The production process consists of ammonia removal using a water scrubber, hydrogen sulfide removal using soil laterite adsorbent, carbonation of CO₂ in a packed column reactor using NaOH solution, concentration through a multiple-effect evaporator system, crystallization, solid-liquid separation using a centrifuge, drying using a rotary dryer, and particle size reduction using a ball mill.The designed process is capable of producing sodium carbonate that meets industrial quality specifications. Furthermore, the proposed plant supports the implementation of the Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) concept by converting CO₂ emissions from biogas upgrading into a value-added chemical product. Economic evaluation indicates that the project is feasible for industrial implementation, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 15,71%, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 6,571 years, a Break Even Point (BEP) of 15,71% of plant capacity, and a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp 72.486.718.799,06.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biogas POME, Carbon Capture and Utilization, CO₂, Sodium Karbonat,Sodium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, POME Biogas, Carbonation Process, Carbon Capture and Utilization. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Wanda Benboy |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2026 09:04 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jul 2026 09:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137209 |
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- Desain Pabrik Sodium Karbonat Dari CO2 Hasil Produksi Biogas Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Melalui Proses Karbonasi. (deposited 23 Jul 2026 09:04) [Currently Displayed]
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