Pengolahan Lanjutan Air Limbah Puskesmas Untuk Penyisihan Emerging Contaminants (Parasetamol dan Amoksisilin) Menggunakan Proses Adsorpsi

Ghinanasywa, Diasty (2026) Pengolahan Lanjutan Air Limbah Puskesmas Untuk Penyisihan Emerging Contaminants (Parasetamol dan Amoksisilin) Menggunakan Proses Adsorpsi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan limbah cair medis di Puskesmas Dradah, Lamongan, saat ini menghadapi tantangan signifikan akibat kinerja suboptimal Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) eksisting berbasis biofilter yang belum mampu menghilangkan kontaminan farmasi persisten secara efektif. Limbah tersebut mengandung senyawa seperti parasetamol (PRC) dan amoksisilin (AMX) yang termasuk dalam kategori Emerging Contaminants (ECs), yaitu zat yang berisiko bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan namun belum memiliki regulasi hukum yang ketat di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penurunan konsentrasi dan menghitung efisiensi penyisihan parasetamol serta amoksisilin menggunakan proses adsorpsi, serta membandingkan kinerja antara dua jenis adsorben lokal, yaitu arang kayu (AK) dan arang tempurung kelapa (ATK) sebagai unit pengolahan lanjutan. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui serangkaian uji laboratorium dengan sistem batch untuk mengevaluasi kinerja adsorben lokal dalam menyisihkan kontaminan. Sampel limbah cair medis dikontakkan dengan adsorben pada variasi massa (0,1 g; 0,3 g; dan 0,5 g) serta variasi waktu kontak (30, 60, dan 90 menit) menggunakan alat magnetic stirrer pada kecepatan konstan 200 rpm. Analisis konsentrasi sisa parasetamol dan amoksisilin dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis untuk mengukur efektivitas proses berdasarkan kapasitas adsorpsi dan persentase penyisihan. Selain itu, dilakukan uji karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dan SEM-EDX untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan gugus fungsi serta morfologi permukaan adsorben sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorpsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben AK dan ATK mampu menurunkan konsentrasi PRC dan AMX pada efluen IPAL Puskesmas Dradah. Efisiensi penyisihan tertinggi menggunakan AK mencapai 90% untuk PRC pada massa adsorben 0,1 gram dan waktu kontak 60 menit serta 86% untuk AMX pada massa adsorben 0,5 gram dan waktu kontak 30 menit, dengan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 20 mg/g. Sementara itu, ATK menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan tertinggi sebesar 56% untuk PRC dan 67% untuk AMX dengan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum sebesar 12,5 mg/g. Hasil karakterisasi SEM-EDX, karakterisasi FTIR dan analisis isoterm menunjukkan bahwa AK memiliki interaksi adsorben–adsorbat yang lebih kuat dan kinerja adsorpsi yang lebih baik dibandingkan ATK. Secara keseluruhan, AK menunjukkan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi dalam menyisihkan emerging contaminants, sehingga berpotensi diterapkan sebagai adsorben lokal untuk pengolahan lanjutan limbah cair fasilitas kesehatan.
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The management of medical liquid waste at the Dradah Community Health Center in Lamongan currently faces significant challenges due to the suboptimal performance of the existing biofilter-based Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), which is unable to effectively remove persistent pharmaceutical contaminants. The waste contains compounds such as paracetamol (PRC) and amoxicillin (AMX), which are classified as Emerging Contaminants (ECs), substances that pose a risk to public health and the environment but lack strict legal regulations in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the reduction in concentration and calculate the Penyisihan efficiency of paracetamol and amoxicillin using an adsorption process, as well as to compare the performance of two local adsorbents: wood charcoal (AK) and coconut shell charcoal (ATK), as advanced treatment units. The research method used a series of laboratory tests using a batch system to evaluate the performance of local adsorbents in removing contaminants. Medical wastewater samples were contacted with adsorbents at varying masses (0.1 g, 0.3 g, and 0.5 g) and contact times (30, 60, and 90 minutes) using a magnetic stirrer at a constant speed of 200 rpm. Analysis of residual amoxicillin and paracetamol concentrations was performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure process effectiveness based on adsorption capacity and Penyisihan percentage. Furthermore, characterization tests using FTIR and SEM-EDX were conducted to identify changes in functional groups and adsorbent surface morphology before and after the adsorption process. The results showed that the adsorption process using AK and ATK adsorbents was able to reduce the concentrations of PRC and AMX in the effluent of the Dradah Community Health Center WWTP. The highest Penyisihan efficiency using AK reached 90% for PRC at an adsorbent mass of 0.1 grams and a contact time of 60 minutes and 86% for AMX at an adsorbent mass of 0.5 grams and a contact time of 30 minutes, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 20 mg/g. Meanwhile, ATK produced the highest Penyisihan efficiency of 56% for PRC and 67% for AMX with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.5 mg/g. The results of SEM-EDX characterization, FTIR characterization and isotherm analysis showed that AK has a stronger adsorbent-adsorbate interaction and better adsorption performance than ATK. Overall, AK shows higher effectiveness in removing emerging contaminants, so it has the potential to be applied as a local adsorbent for the advanced treatment of liquid waste from healthcare facilities.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Adsorben Lokal, Adsorpsi, Amoksisilin, Limbah Medis, Parasetamol, Adsorption, Amoxicillin, Local Adsorbent, Medical Waste, Paracetamol
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Diasty Ghinanasywa
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 06:43
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 06:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137226

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