Sasdika, Azzahra Hanggararas (2026) Analisis Degradasi Doxycycline Pada Proses Fotokatalisis Menggunakan Mesoporous Carbon Nitride (MCN) Berbasis Rancangan Percobaan Response Surface Methodology. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Keberadaan residu antibiotik di lingkungan perairan menjadi perhatian karena berpotensi meningkatkan resistensi antimikroba serta menimbulkan risiko ekotoksikologi. Doxycycline (DOX) merupakan salah satu antibiotik yang sering terdeteksi pada air permukaan maupun efluen Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), sehingga diperlukan teknologi pengolahan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis degradasi DOX melalui proses fotokatalisis menggunakan Mesoporous Carbon Nitride (MCN) sebagai fotokatalis berbasis rancangan percobaan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Penelitian dilakukan secara batch menggunakan limbah DOX artifisial. Optimasi dilakukan melalui variasi konsentrasi awal DOX (20–50 mg/L), dosis MCN (0,2–1 g/L), dan pH awal (7–9). Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsentrasi DOX, NH₃-N, dan TOC, sedangkan karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, dan UV-DRS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rancangan percobaan RSM hingga tahap optimasi belum memenuhi kriteria signifikansi statistik sehingga analisis pengaruh faktor dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan OFAT, peningkatan konsentrasi awal DOX meningkatkan penyisihan DOX (r = 0,56), sedangkan peningkatan dosis MCN (r = -0,15) dan pH awal (r = -0,08) menurunkan efisiensi penyisihan DOX. Karakterisasi material menunjukkan MCN berhasil disintesis sebagai material mesopore (luas permukaan = 77,32 m²/g, diameter pori rata-rata = 3,22 nm, dan band gap = 2,60 eV). Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan struktur kristal MCN dengan puncak karakteristik bidang (100) ~13° dan ~27° pada bidang (002) yang merupakan ciri khas g-C3N4. Hasil FTIR sebelum dan sesudah fotokatalisis menunjukkan gugus fungsi utama MCN adalah 805 cm⁻¹, 1230–1625 cm⁻¹, dan 3000–3500 cm⁻¹ yang masih dipertahankan tanpa ada gugus baru, yang mengindikasikan hasil fotodegradasi tidak rusak. Degradasi DOX menggunakan MCN menghasilkan senyawa intermediate dengan m/z 399, 362, 301, 214, 197, dan 185 yang menunjukkan terjadinya transformasi bertahap molekul DOX selama proses fotokatalisis. Penurunan TOC yang tinggi mendukung proses degradasi yang menghasilkan intermediate, dan oksidasi lanjutan menuju proses mineralisasi.
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The presence of antibiotic residues in aquatic environments has become a major concern due to their potential to promote antimicrobial resistance and pose ecotoxicological risks. Doxycycline (DOX) is one of the antibiotics frequently detected in surface waters and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, highlighting the need for effective treatment technologies. This study aimed to analyze the photocatalytic degradation of DOX using mesoporous carbon nitride (MCN) as a photocatalyst through a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design. The experiments were conducted in a batch system using synthetic DOX wastewater. Optimization was performed by varying the initial DOX concentration (20–50 mg/L), MCN dosage (0.2–1.0 g/L), and initial pH (7–9). The observed parameters included DOX concentration, NH₃-N, and TOC, while the catalyst was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET analysis, and UV-DRS.The results showed that the RSM analysis to the optimization stage did not satisfy the statistical significance criteria; therefore, the effects of the operating factors were further evaluated using OFAT approach. An increase in the initial DOX concentration enhanced the DOX removal efficiency (r = 0.56), whereas increasing the MCN dosage (r = –0.15) and initial pH (r = –0.08) reduced the removal efficiency. Material characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of mesoporous MCN with a specific surface area of 77.32 m²/g, an average pore diameter of 3.22 nm, and a band gap energy of 2.60 eV. XRD analysis revealed characteristic diffraction peaks at approximately 13° corresponding to the (100) plane and 27° corresponding to the (002) plane, confirming the typical graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) structure. FTIR spectra obtained before and after photocatalysis showed 805 cm⁻¹, 1230–1625 cm⁻¹, dan 3000–3500 cm⁻¹ that means the main functional groups of MCN were preserved without the formation of new functional groups, indicating that the catalyst structure remained stable after photocatalytic treatment. Photocatalytic degradation of DOX using MCN generated intermediate compounds with m/z values of 399, 362, 301, 214, 197, and 185, indicating the stepwise transformation of DOX molecules during the photocatalytic process. The substantial reduction in TOC further demonstrated that the degradation process involved not only the formation of intermediate products but also their subsequent oxidation toward mineralization.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Doxycycline, Fotokatalis, Mesoporous Carbon Nitride, Response Surface Methodology Doxycycline, Photocatalyst, Mesoporous carbon nitride, Response Surface Methodology |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA279 Response surfaces (Statistics). Analysis of covariance. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD716 Photocatalysis. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Azzahra Hanggararas Sasdika |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2026 09:20 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jul 2026 09:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137252 |
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