Desain Pabrik Blue Ammonia Dengan Integrasi Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) Dalam Upaya Mendukung Net Zero Emission (NZE)

Anjali, Lilin Maura and Putri, Wayan Nayakha Krisna (2026) Desain Pabrik Blue Ammonia Dengan Integrasi Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) Dalam Upaya Mendukung Net Zero Emission (NZE). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permintaan amonia diproyeksikan meningkat seiring pertumbuhan populasi dunia serta munculnya potensi baru amonia sebagai hydrogen carrier dan bahan bakar transportasi laut. Namun, produksi amonia konvensional menyumbang sekitar 1% emisi CO₂ global, sehingga diperlukan metode produksi amonia dengan emisi karbon rendah sebagai bentuk dukungan terhadap target Net Zero Emission. Blue ammonia merupakan salah satu strategi dekarbonisasi yang mampu menurunkan hingga 90% emisi karbon dari produksi amonia konvensional. Pabrik ini dirancang dengan kapasitas 695.000 ton/tahun sehingga dapat memenuhi 11,58% target produksi blue ammonia dunia berdasarkan Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS) 2030. Lokasi pabrik ditetapkan di Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, dengan mempertimbangkan ketersediaan bahan baku, fasilitas penyimpanan CO₂, tenaga kerja, aksesibilitas, dan lahan. Proses produksi menggunakan steam methane reforming dengan umpan natural gas dan steam. Syngas yang dihasilkan melalui konversi CO menjadi CO2 pada CO converter, kemudian CO₂ dihilangkan menggunakan sistem absorber–desorber dengan pelarut MEA. Gas hasil pemurnian dialirkan ke methanator untuk mengubah sisa CO dan CO₂ menjadi metana, dikeringkan dengan molecular sieve, serta dimurnikan melalui cryogenic separation untuk mengatur rasio H₂/N₂ dengan menghilangkan nitrogen berlebih dan gas inert. Campuran gas ini kemudian dikompresi dan dialirkan ke ammonia converter menghasilkan amonia. Produk amonia dipisahkan dan didinginkan melalui sistem self-refrigeration hingga suhu -33°C dan tekanan 1,01 bar, sementara CO₂ hasil pemisahan dikompresi dan dikeringkan sebelum dialirkan ke fasilitas Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi, diperoleh estimasi Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar $534.085.580,71, OPEX tahunan sebesar $380.779.598,42, NPV sebesar $378.666.929,55, serta periode pengembalian modal selama 7 tahun.
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Global ammonia demand is projected to rise in line with population growth and the emerging potential of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and marine fuel. However, conventional ammonia production contributes about 1% of global CO₂ emissions, highlighting the need for low carbon production methods to support the Net Zero Emission target. Blue ammonia represents a key decarbonization strategy, capable of reducing up to 90% of emissions compared to conventional processes. This plant is designed with a production capacity of 695.000 tons per year, enabling it to meet 11,58% of the global blue ammonia production target under the Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS) 2030. The site is located in Bontang, East Kalimantan, chosen based on feedstock availability, CO₂ storage facilities, workforce, accessibility, and land. Production utilizes steam methane reforming (SMR) with natural gas and steam feed. The syngas undergoes CO conversion in a CO converter, followed by CO₂ removal using an absorber–desorber system with MEA solvent. The purified gas passes through a methanator to convert residual CO and CO₂ into methane, is dried with a molecular sieve, and refined via cryogenic separation to adjust the H₂/N₂ ratio by removing excess nitrogen and inert gases. The gas mixture is then compressed and fed into the ammonia converter to produce ammonia. The product is separated and cooled through a self refrigeration system to –33°C and 1.01 bar, while the separated CO₂ is compressed and dehydrated before being directed to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) facilities. Economic analysis estimates Total Capital Investment (TCI) at $534.085.580,71, annual OPEX at $380.779.598,42, NPV at $378.666.929,55, and a payback period of 7 years.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Blue Ammonia, CCS, Gas Alam, Net Zero Emission, Steam Methane Reforming, Natural Gas
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Lilin Maura Anjali
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 20:31
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 20:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137264

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