Identifikasi Keberadaan Bakteri Patogen (Salmonella sp, Esherichia Coli, dan Vibrio spp) pada Biofilm Mikroplastik di Muara Sungai

Ashara, Shafa Dahniar (2026) Identifikasi Keberadaan Bakteri Patogen (Salmonella sp, Esherichia Coli, dan Vibrio spp) pada Biofilm Mikroplastik di Muara Sungai. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan penggunaan plastik secara global telah menyebabkan terlepasnya berbagai partikel mikroplastik (<5 mm) ke lingkungan perairan, termasuk pada sistem muara sungai. Mikroplastik ditemukan dalam jumlah signifikan di berbagai ekosistem akuatik, baik di air, sedimen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kelimpahan, keberagaman, dan karakteristik mikroplastik pada air dan sedimen, menilai kategori risiko ekologis mikroplastik melalui Pollution Load Index (PLI), serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap keberadaan bakteri patogen pada biofilm mikroplastik di Muara Sungai Gisik Cemandi, Sidoarjo. Pengambilan sampel dengan variasi waktu pagi dan sore hari serta variasi kedalaman, yaitu surface layer dan mid-depth layer. Identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan berdasarkan bentuk, warna, dan ukuran menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Parameter lingkungan yang dianalisis meliputi suhu, pH, salinitas, kekeruhan, TDS, BOD, TKN, COD, kedalaman, arus, dan debit. Identifikasi bakteri patogen dilakukan menggunakan media selektif. Mikroplastik ditemukan pada seluruh sampel air dan sedimen. Pada air, kelimpahan total mikroplastik mencapai 339 partikel/L pada pagi hari dan 356 partikel/L pada sore hari, dengan dominasi bentuk fiber sebesar 321 partikel/L dan 327 partikel/L. Kelimpahan mikroplastik lebih tinggi pada mid-depth layer dibandingkan surface layer. Warna dominan adalah hitam, yaitu 57% pada pagi hari dan 60% pada sore hari, sedangkan ukuran dominan berada pada rentang 0,1–0,5 mm. Nilai PLI dengan acuan C0i = 0,00429 partikel/L menunjukkan kategori risiko sedang hingga besar, dengan kisaran nilai 26,44–98,95 partikel/L. Biofilm mikroplastik juga terbukti menjadi habitat bagi bakteri patogen. Vibrio spp. merupakan bakteri yang paling konsisten ditemukan, diikuti oleh E. coli dan Salmonella spp. Keberadaan bakteri patogen lebih banyak terdeteksi pada sore hari, yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan suhu, tingginya beban organik, salinitas payau, kekeruhan, serta aktivitas antropogenik di sekitar muara. Analisis regesi logistik biner menunjukan bahwa Vibrio spp secara signifikasn dipengaruhi oleh salinitas, dengan peluang keberadaan meningkat pada kondisi salinitas lebih rendah. Sedangkan keberadaan salmonella spp secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh pH, kekeruhan, dan BOD, dengan pH sebagai faktor paling dominan.
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The increasing global use of plastics has led to the release of microplastic particles (<5 mm) into aquatic environments, including river estuarine systems. Microplastics have been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, both in water and sediments. This study aimed to identify the abundance, diversity, and characteristics of microplastics in water and sediment; assess the ecological risk of microplastic pollution using the Pollution Load Index (PLI); and analyze the influence of environmental factors on the presence of pathogenic bacteria in microplastic biofilms in the Gisik Cemandi River Estuary, Sidoarjo. Sampling was conducted in the morning and afternoon at two depth layers, namely the surface layer and mid-depth layer. Microplastics were identified based on shape, color, and size using a stereo microscope. The environmental parameters analyzed included temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, TDS, BOD, TKN, COD, depth, current velocity, and discharge. Pathogenic bacteria were identified using selective media. Microplastics were found in all water and sediment samples. In water samples, the total microplastic abundance reached 339 particles/L in the morning and 356 particles/L in the afternoon, with fibers as the dominant shape, accounting for 321 particles/L and 327 particles/L, pespectively. Microplastic abundance was higher in the mid-depth layer than in the surface layer. The dominant color was black, representing 57% in the morning and 60% in the afternoon, while the dominant size ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Based on the reference value of C0i = 0.00429 particles/L, the PLI values indicated moderate to high ecological risk, ranging from 26.44 to 98.95. Microplastic biofilms were also found to provide habitats for pathogenic bacteria. Vibrio spp. was the most consistently detected bacterium, followed by E. coli and Salmonella spp. Pathogenic bacteria were more frequently detected in the afternoon, presumably due to increased temperature, high organic load, brackish salinity, turbidity, and anthropogenic activities around the estuary. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of Vibrio spp. was significantly influenced by salinity, with a higher probability of occurrence under lower salinity conditions. Meanwhile, the presence of Salmonella spp. was significantly affected by pH, turbidity, and BOD, with pH identified as the most dominant factor.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bakteri Patogen, Biofilm, Escherichia coli, Mikroplastik, PLI, Salmonella sp,, Vibrio spp Biofilm, Escherichia coli, Microplastic, Pathogenic Bacteria, Salmonella sp., Vibrio spp.
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Shafa Dahniar Ashara
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 01:50
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 01:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137434

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