Analisis Karakteristik Produk Cair dari Pirolisis Campuran PET dan PP dengan Variasi Rasio dan Katalis HZSM-5/CTF-04

Firda, Jessyca Amelia (2026) Analisis Karakteristik Produk Cair dari Pirolisis Campuran PET dan PP dengan Variasi Rasio dan Katalis HZSM-5/CTF-04. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah plastik polietilena tereftalat (PET) dan polipropilena (PP) merupakan dua jenis plastik yang paling banyak ditemukan di lingkungan dan sulit terurai secara alami. Pirolisis katalitik menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengonversi limbah tersebut menjadi bahan bakar cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik produk cair hasil pirolisis campuran PET dan PP menggunakan katalis komposit HZSM-5/CTF-04 dengan perbandingan 1:1, serta mengetahui peran katalis dalam mengarahkan pembentukan hidrokarbon yang mendekati karakteristik bahan bakar. Pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 350°C selama 90 menit dengan atmosfer N₂ menggunakan feedstock 500 g pada tiga variasi rasio PET:PP (1:4, 2:3, 3:2) serta dua variasi persentase katalis (2,5% dan 5%), dengan satu variasi tanpa katalis pada rasio 1:4 sebagai pembanding. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FESEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, dan TGA, sedangkan karakteristik produk cair dievaluasi melalui pengujian densitas, viskositas, flash point, nilai kalor, komposisi senyawa melalui GC-MS, serta octane number. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan HZSM-5 memiliki struktur MFI yang kristalin dengan rasio Si/Al sebesar 44,19, sedangkan CTF-04 berstruktur amorf–semikristalin dengan kerangka organik berbasis cincin triazin. Keasaman komposit diperoleh sebesar 0,11275 a.u., dengan CTF-04 sebagai penyumbang keasaman utama (84,75%) sementara HZSM-5 berperan sebagai pendamping (15,25%). Analisis TGA menunjukkan katalis stabil hingga 500°C dengan total deposit organik sekitar 23,5% setelah reaksi (mencakup fraksi coke berat sebesar 15,15%), yang mengindikasikan terjadinya aromatisasi sekunder selama pirolisis. Variasi 1:4 katalis 5% menghasilkan yield minyak tertinggi sebesar 55,00% (275 g) dengan char terendah 4,89%, sehingga dipilih sebagai variasi optimum. Variasi optimum tersebut memiliki densitas 0,7797 g/mL, viskositas 0,8771 cSt, flash point 7°C, dan nilai kalor 23.822,02 J/g, yang mendekati karakteristik bahan bakar tipe gasoline. Analisis GC-MS variasi optimum menunjukkan komposisi didominasi fraksi kerosin/avtur (C₁₁–C₁₅) sebesar 37,72%, diikuti solar (22,57%) dan gasoline (21,57%), dengan total fraksi bahan bakar (C₆–C₂₀) mencapai 81,87%. Fraksi bahan bakar hasil distilasi memiliki RON 95,6 yang melampaui Pertamax (RON 92). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis komposit HZSM-5/CTF-04 berperan aktif dalam mengarahkan pembentukan hidrokarbon yang mendekati karakteristik bahan bakar gasoline, melalui sinergi antara sifat adsorptif dan porositas CTF-04 dengan situs asam dan shape selectivity HZSM-5.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) plastic wastes are two of the most commonly found plastics in the environment and are difficult to degrade naturally. Catalytic pyrolysis is one solution for converting these wastes into liquid fuel. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of liquid products from the pyrolysis of a PET and PP mixture using a composite HZSM-5/CTF-04 catalyst at a 1:1 ratio, as well as to determine the role of the catalyst in directing the formation of hydrocarbons that approach fuel characteristics. Pyrolysis was carried out at 350 °C for 90 minutes under an N₂ atmosphere using 500 g of feedstock at three PET:PP ratio variations (1:4, 2:3, 3:2) and two catalyst percentage variations (2.5% and 5%), with one non-catalytic variation at a 1:4 ratio as a comparison. The catalysts were characterized using FESEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, and TGA, while the liquid product characteristics were evaluated through density, viscosity, flash point, calorific value, compound composition by GC-MS, and octane number testing. The characterization results show that HZSM-5 has a crystalline MFI structure with a Si/Al ratio of 44.19, whereas CTF-04 has an amorphous–semicrystalline structure with a triazine-ring-based organic framework. The composite acidity was determined to be 0.11275 a.u., with CTF-04 as the main acidity contributor (84.75%) while HZSM-5 acted as the supporting component (15.25%). TGA analysis showed that the catalyst was stable up to 500 °C with a total organic deposit of about 23.5% after reaction (including a heavy coke fraction of 15.15%), which is indicative of secondary aromatization during pyrolysis. The 1:4 ratio with 5% catalyst produced the highest oil yield of 55.00% (275 g) with the lowest char content of 4.89%, and was therefore selected as the optimum variation. This optimum variation had a density of 0.7797 g/mL, a viscosity of 0.8771 cSt, a flash point of 7°C, and a calorific value of 23,822.02 J/g, which approach the characteristics of gasoline-type fuel. GC-MS analysis of the optimum variation showed a composition dominated by the kerosene/jet fuel fraction (C₁₁–C₁₅) at 37.72%, followed by diesel (22.57%) and gasoline (21.57%), with the total fuel fraction (C₆–C₂₀) reaching 81.87%. The distilled fuel fraction had an octane number of RON 95.6, exceeding that of Pertamax (RON 92). The results show that the composite HZSM-5/CTF-04 catalyst plays an active role in directing the formation of hydrocarbons that approach gasoline-type fuel characteristics, through the synergistic interaction between the adsorption capability and porosity of CTF-04 and the acidic sites and shape selectivity of HZSM-5.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pirolisis katalitik, PET, PP, HZSM-5, CTF-04, catalytic pyrolysis
Subjects:	Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > Polymerization Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Natural Science > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Jessyca Amelia Firda
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 03:56
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 03:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137437

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