Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Etsa dan Doping Nitrogen Pada Proses Hidrotermal Terhadap Struktur, Morfologi, dan Peforma Elektrokimia N-Doped Ti₃C₂Tₓ

Pakpahan, William Nathanael (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Etsa dan Doping Nitrogen Pada Proses Hidrotermal Terhadap Struktur, Morfologi, dan Peforma Elektrokimia N-Doped Ti₃C₂Tₓ. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

MXene Ti₃C₂Tₓ merupakan material dua dimensi yang menjanjikan sebagai elektroda superkapasitor karena konduktivitas listriknya yang tinggi, struktur berlapis, serta kemampuan transport ion yang baik. Performa MXene sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi sintesis, khususnya temperatur etsa dan temperatur doping. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh temperatur etsa (55˚C, 65˚C, dan 75˚C) pada sistem in situ LiF-HCl 9 M serta temperatur doping nitrogen melalui metode hidrotermal (160˚C dan 180˚C) terhadap struktur kristal, morfologi, dan performa elektrokimia N-doped Ti₃C₂Tₓ. Karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan temperatur etsa menggeser puncak (002) ke sudut difraksi lebih rendah dan menurunkan kandungan residu Al, sementara doping nitrogen pada 160˚C menghasilkan pergeseran puncak yang lebih konsisten dibandingkan 180˚C yang cenderung memicu pembentukan fase samping akibat oksidasi permukaan. Hasil SEM-EDX menunjukkan morfologi accordion-like paling merata pada etsa 75˚C dengan kandungan Al lokal terendah, sementara doping 160˚C memberikan keseimbangan komposisi unsur yang lebih baik dibandingkan 180˚C yang cenderung memicu restacking dan penggumpalan residu pengeringan. Pengujian elektrokimia (CV, GCD, EIS) menunjukkan kapasitansi spesifik meningkat seiring naiknya temperatur etsa, mencapai 77,11 F/g pada 5 mV/s untuk delaminated MXene 75˚C, dengan seluruh sembilan sampel berada pada zona superkapasitor pada diagram Ragone. Kombinasi temperatur etsa 75˚C dengan doping nitrogen 160˚C menghasilkan performa elektrokimia paling seimbang, ditandai kapasitansi tinggi, retensi kapasitansi baik pada scan rate tinggi, serta resistansi transfer muatan yang rendah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan temperatur etsa dan doping merupakan parameter kunci dalam mengoptimalkan performa MXene sebagai elektroda superkapasitor.
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Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene is a promising two-dimensional material for supercapacitor electrodes owing to its high electrical conductivity, layered structure, and favorable ion transport. Its performance, however, is strongly influenced by the synthesis conditions, particularly the etching and doping temperatures. This study analyzed the effect of etching temperature (55˚C, 65˚C, and 75˚C) using an in situ LiF-HCl 9 M system, as well as nitrogen-doping temperature via a hydrothermal method (160˚C and 180˚C), on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of N-doped Ti₃C₂Tₓ. XRD characterization showed that increasing the etching temperature shifted the (002) peak toward lower diffraction angles and reduced residual Al content, while nitrogen doping at 160˚C produced a more consistent peak shift than at 180˚C, which tended to promote secondary-phase formation through surface oxidation. SEM-EDX results revealed the most uniform accordion-like morphology with the lowest local Al content at an etching temperature of 75˚C, whereas doping at 160˚C yielded a more favorable elemental balance than 180˚C, which was more prone to restacking and drying-residue agglomeration. Electrochemical testing using CV, GCD, and EIS showed that specific capacitance increased with etching temperature, reaching 77.11 F/g at 5 mV/s for delaminated MXene etched at 75˚C, with all nine samples falling within the supercapacitor region of the Ragone plot. The combination of a 75˚C etching temperature with 160˚C nitrogen doping produced the most balanced electrochemical performance, characterized by high capacitance, good capacitance retention at high scan rates, and low charge-transfer resistance. These findings indicate that etching and doping temperature are key parameters for optimizing the performance of MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	In situ HF, MXene, Superkapasitor, In situ HF, MXene, Supercapacitor
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD9999.N36+ Nanostructured materials T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7872.C65 Supercapacitors.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	William Nathanael Pakpahan
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 02:22
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 02:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137448

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