Sintesis Chitosan Nanoparticles Bermuatan Tannic Acid Sebagai Gastrointestinal-Targeted Oral Carrier Dengan Perbandingan Anionic Crosslinker

Trizulvia, Chella Yuanhar and Salsabilla, Aurumitha Assyafina (2026) Sintesis Chitosan Nanoparticles Bermuatan Tannic Acid Sebagai Gastrointestinal-Targeted Oral Carrier Dengan Perbandingan Anionic Crosslinker. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tannic acid (TA) merupakan senyawa polifenolik dengan aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi yang berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif obat dalam sistem oral drug delivery, dengan target pelepasan pada saluran gastrointestinal, khususnya usus halus, sebagai lokasi utama absorpsi. Namun, TA dalam bentuk bebas mengalami degradasi 40–70% akibat enzim pencernaan dan kondisi pH asam lambung (1,3–3,5), sehingga diperlukan pendekatan enkapsulasi untuk meningkatkan stabilitas dan efektivitas penghantaran. Nanoenkapsulasi berbasis chitosan (CS) dengan crosslinker sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) telah banyak dikembangkan, namun menunjukkan %EE 50%, sehingga diperlukan kajian komparatif untuk mengevaluasi kinerja kedua crosslinker tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh rasio massa dan jenis crosslinker terhadap %EE, karakteristik struktur, dan perilaku pelepasan TA-loadedCSNPs pada kondisi gastrointestinal tersimulasi. Sintesis dilakukan menggunakan metode ultrasonication-assisted ionic gelation pada lima variasi rasio massa crosslinker, dilanjutkan karakterisasi morfologi (SEM-EDX), efisiensi enkapsulasi (%EE, %LC, %Yield), struktur kimia (FTIR), kristalinitas (XRD), profil pelepasan (SGF-SIF), serta aktivitas biologis (DPPH dan BSA). Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan rasio TPP menghasilkan partikel semakin kecil dengan %EE optimal pada rasio 1:1:1 (90,16%) dan pelepasan tertinggi pada SIF (72,1%), sedangkan sistem PA menunjukkan morfologi dan %EE optimal pada rasio rendah 0,25:1:1 (93,56%) dengan pelepasan lebih terkendali (51,5%) akibat jumlah gugus fosfat PA yang lebih tinggi. Kedua sistem membentuk ikatan silang ionik yang mengubah struktur kristalin CS menjadi amorf serta mempertahankan aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi TA pasca enkapsulasi, sehingga keduanya berpotensi sebagai gastrointestinal-targeted oral drug delivery system dengan karakteristik performansi yang saling melengkapi.
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Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that has potential as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in oral drug delivery systems, with targeted release in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically small intestine as the primary site of absorption. However, free TA undergoes 40–70% degradation due to digestive enzymes and the acidic pH of the stomach (1.3– 3.5), necessitating an encapsulation approach to enhance stability and delivery efficacy. Chitosan (CS)- based nanoencapsulation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinking agent has been extensively developed, however, it exhibits an EE 50%, thus necessitating a comparative study to evaluate the performance of these two crosslinking agents. This study aims to investigate the effects of the mass ratio and type of crosslinking agent on %EE, structural characteristics, and the release behavior of TA-loaded-CSNPs under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The synthesis was carried out using the ultrasonication-assisted ionic gelation method with five different crosslinker mass ratios, followed by characterization of morphology (SEM-EDX), encapsulation efficiency (%EE, %LC, % Yield), chemical structure (FTIR), crystallinity (XRD), release profiles (SGF-SIF), and biological activity (DPPH and BSA). The results showed that an increase in the TPP ratio produced smaller particles, with optimal %EE at a 1:1:1 ratio (90.16%) and the highest release rate on SIF (72.1%), whereas the PA system exhibited optimal morphology and %EE at a low ratio of 0.25:1:1 (93.56%) with more controlled release (51.5%) due to the higher number of PA phosphate groups. Both systems form ionic crosslinks that transform the crystalline structure of CS into an amorphous form while preserving the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of TA post encapsulation, both have potential as gastrointestinal-targeted oral drug delivery systems with complementary performance characteristics.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Chitosan Nanoparticles, Tannic Acid, Gastrointestinal-Targeted Oral Delivery
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156.C64 Controlled release technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.A5 Antioxidants T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.65.C55 Chitosan--Biotechnology.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Chella Yuanhar Trizulvia
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2026 16:11
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2026 16:11
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137477

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