Desain Pabrik Sodium Bicarbonate Pharmaceutical Grade

Santi, Rosa Amelia and Yunitha, Riency Reinatha May (2026) Desain Pabrik Sodium Bicarbonate Pharmaceutical Grade. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Natrium bikarbonat (NaHCO₃) merupakan senyawa kimia yang memiliki peran penting dalam berbagai sektor industri, khususnya industri farmasi sebagai bahan baku larutan hemodialisis, antasida, serta agen penyangga pH. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia belum memiliki pabrik natrium bikarbonat pharmaceutical grade sehingga seluruh kebutuhan domestik masih bergantung pada impor. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, volume impor natrium bikarbonat menunjukkan tren peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Kondisi ini mendorong perlunya pendirian pabrik natrium bikarbonat dalam negeri guna mendukung kemandirian industri kimia nasional dan mengurangi ketergantungan impor. Pra-desain pabrik ini dirancang dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 30.000 ton/tahun natrium bikarbonat pharmaceutical grade untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nasional pada tahun 2030. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari per tahun dan berlokasi di kawasan industri Petrokimia Gresik, Jawa Timur. Proses produksi yang dipilih adalah proses karbonasi natrium karbonat dengan menggunakan gas CO₂ sebagai reaktan. Natrium karbonat diperoleh melalui impor dari Shandong Haihua Group Co., Ltd., China, sedangkan CO₂ dimanfaatkan dari gas buang pabrik amoniak Petrokimia Gresik yang dimurnikan terlebih dahulu hingga memenuhi spesifikasi proses. Proses karbonasi dipilih karena memiliki kondisi operasi yang relatif rendah, kebutuhan energi lebih kecil, tidak menghasilkan produk samping berbahaya, serta mampu menghasilkan produk dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi hingga 99,8% yang memenuhi standar pharmaceutical grade. Pada proses karbonasi, larutan natrium karbonat yang telah dimurnikan dialirkan ke dalam bubble column reactor dan dikontakkan secara counter-current dengan gas CO₂ pada tekanan sekitar 1,2 atm dan suhu operasi 60°C, sehingga terbentuk larutan natrium bikarbonat mendekati kondisi jenuh. Larutan ini kemudian dikristalkan menggunakan crystallizer untuk membentuk kristal natrium bikarbonat. Kristal yang terbentuk dipisahkan dari mother liquor menggunakan rotary drum vacuum filter, kemudian dikeringkan dengan rotary dryer hingga kadar air mencapai 0,01% berat. Produk kering selanjutnya diperkecil ukurannya menggunakan ball mill dan dipisahkan berdasarkan ukuran partikel menggunakan screen. Untuk menilai kelayakan pra desain pabrik, dilakukan analisis ekonomi yang meliputi perhitungan Net Present Value (NPV) Rp 4.471.591.901.401, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 7,35%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2,49 tahun, serta analisis sensitivitas terhadap nilai IRR. Hasil evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa pabrik natrium bikarbonat pharmaceutical grade dengan kapasitas 30.000 ton per tahun layak untuk didirikan secara teknis dan ekonomis, ditinjau dari nilai NPV yang positif.
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Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a chemical compound that plays an important role in various industrial sectors, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material for hemodialysis solutions, antacids, and pH buffering agents. To date, Indonesia does not yet have a pharmaceutical-grade sodium bicarbonate manufacturing plant; therefore, all domestic demand is still fully dependent on imports. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (Badan Pusat Statistik), the import volume of sodium bicarbonate has shown an increasing trend over the years. This condition highlights the need to establish a domestic sodium bicarbonate plant in order to support the independence of the national chemical industry and reduce import dependency. The preliminary design of this plant is planned with a production capacity of 30,000 tons per year of pharmaceutical-grade sodium bicarbonate to meet national demand by 2030. The plant is designed to operate continuously for 330 days per year and will be located in the Petrokimia Gresik industrial area, East Java. The selected production route is the carbonation process of sodium carbonate using CO2 gas as the reactant. Sodium carbonate is imported from Shandong Haihua Group Co., Ltd., China, while CO2 is sourced from the exhaust gas of the ammonia plant at Petrokimia Gresik and purified in advance to meet process specifications. The carbonation process is selected due to its relatively mild operating conditions, lower energy requirements, absence of hazardous by-products, and its ability to produce high-purity products up to 99.8%, which comply with pharmaceutical-grade standards. In the carbonation process, purified sodium carbonate solution is fed into a bubble column reactor and contacted counter-currently with CO2 gas at an operating pressure of approximately 1.2 atm and a temperature of 60 °C, resulting in a sodium bicarbonate solution near saturation. This solution is then crystallized using a crystallizer to form sodium bicarbonate crystals. The formed crystals are separated from the mother liquor using a rotary drum vacuum filter and subsequently dried in a rotary dryer until the moisture content reaches 0.01 wt%. The dried product is then size-reduced using a ball mill and classified according to particle size using a screen. To evaluate the feasibility of the preliminary plant design, an economic analysis was conducted, including the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 4,471,591,901,401, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 7.35%, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 2.49 years, as well as a sensitivity analysis of the IRR value. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the pharmaceutical-grade sodium bicarbonate plant with a capacity of 30,000 tons per year is technically and economically feasible, as reflected by the positive NPV value.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Karbonasi natrium karbonat, natrium bikarbonat, pharmaceutical grade, pemurnian CO₂ Sodium carbonate carbonation, sodium bicarbonate, pharmaceutical grade, CO₂ purification.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rosa Amelia Santi
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 02:19
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 02:19
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137615

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