Kinerja Sequencing Batch Reactor Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Rokok

Hapsari, Carissa Anabella Sita (2026) Kinerja Sequencing Batch Reactor Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Rokok. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Air limbah industri rokok mengandung beban organik tinggi dan senyawa fenolik dengan ketimpangan nutrien khas berupa karbon melimpah tetapi nitrogen dan fosfor rendah, sehingga sulit diolah sistem biologis konvensional. Karena konsentrasi biomassa dan beban masukan sama-sama menentukan rasio makanan terhadap mikroorganisme, pengaruh keduanya perlu dikaji bersama. Empat reaktor dioperasikan paralel selama enam siklus dalam kombinasi dua tingkat MLSS (2.500 dan 3.000 mg/L) dan dua tingkat COD influen (1.500 dan 3.000 mg/L). Substrat sintetis dari ekstraksi tembakau menghasilkan stok pekat 7.442,8 mg/L yang diencerkan hingga beban target. Beban masukan menjadi faktor paling menentukan: reaktor beban rendah mencapai penyisihan bahan organik 89,4–92,1%, jauh melampaui reaktor beban tinggi yang hanya 82,1–86,1%. Peningkatan biomassa menambah efek lebih kecil, menaikkan penyisihan dari 89,4% ke 92,1% pada beban rendah dan dari 82,1% ke 86,1% pada beban tinggi seiring turunnya rasio makanan terhadap mikroorganisme. Senyawa fenolik hadir pada 15–30 mg/L, di bawah ambang penghambatan, sehingga berperan sebagai sumber karbon dan tersisih bersama bahan organik melalui jalur metabolik yang sama, ditunjukkan korelasi sangat kuat antarkeduanya (r = 0,952). Konfigurasi biomassa 3.000 mg/L pada beban rendah paling optimal dengan efluen organik terendah 118,5 mg/L yang memenuhi baku mutu. Meski demikian, ketimpangan nutrien menekan pertumbuhan biomassa sehingga konsentrasi padatan turun sepanjang siklus, dan konsentrasi fenolik efluen 1,20–5,37 mg/L masih melampaui ambang 0,5 mg/L pada seluruh reaktor. Sistem aerob ini efektif menurunkan bahan organik dan sebagian besar senyawa fenolik, tetapi belum memenuhi baku mutu secara mandiri sehingga memerlukan tahap penyempurnaan lanjutan.
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Cigarette industry wastewater is characterized by a high organic load and the presence of phenolic compounds, along with a typical nutrient imbalance consisting of abundant carbon but limited nitrogen and phosphorus, making it difficult to treat using conventional biological systems. Because both biomass concentration and influent load jointly determine the food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio, their effects must be evaluated simultaneously. Four reactors were operated in parallel for six cycles using a combination of two mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) levels (2,500 and 3,000 mg/L) and two influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels (1,500 and 3,000 mg/L). A synthetic substrate derived from tobacco extraction produced a concentrated stock solution with a COD of 7,442.8 mg/L, which was subsequently diluted to achieve the target influent loads. Influent load was identified as the most influential factor, with the low-load reactors achieving organic matter removal efficiencies of 89.4–92.1%, substantially higher than the 82.1–86.1% observed in the high-load reactors. Increasing biomass concentration produced a smaller yet positive effect, improving removal efficiency from 89.4% to 92.1% under low-load conditions and from 82.1% to 86.1% under high-load conditions as the F/M ratio decreased. Phenolic compounds were present at concentrations of 15–30 mg/L, below the inhibitory threshold, and therefore served as an additional carbon source that was removed concurrently with organic matter through the same metabolic pathway, as demonstrated by a very strong correlation between the two parameters (r = 0.952). The reactor configuration with an MLSS concentration of 3,000 mg/L under low influent load was the most effective, producing the lowest effluent organic concentration of 118.5 mg/L, which satisfied the applicable quality standard. Nevertheless, the nutrient imbalance suppressed biomass growth, resulting in a gradual decline in solids concentration throughout the operational cycles, while effluent phenolic concentrations ranging from 1.20 to 5.37 mg/L remained above the regulatory limit of 0.5 mg/L in all reactors. Overall, the aerobic treatment system effectively removed organic matter and the majority of phenolic compounds but was insufficient to meet the effluent quality standard independently, indicating the need for a subsequent polishing treatment stage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Sequencing Batch Reactor, Limbah Tembakau, Lumpur Aktif, MLSS, Senyawa Fenolik, Beban Organik, Efisiensi Penyisihan
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Carissa Anabella Sita Hapsari
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 05:37
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 05:37
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137617

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