Biokonversi Sisa Makanan SPPG dan Produk Tidak Terpakai Industri Krimer dengan Larva BSF menjadi Produk Lemak

Naifahsyah, Aurora Hartyas (2026) Biokonversi Sisa Makanan SPPG dan Produk Tidak Terpakai Industri Krimer dengan Larva BSF menjadi Produk Lemak. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sampah sisa makanan merupakan komponen utama timbulan sampah padat yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Di Indonesia, timbulan sampah sisa makanan diperkirakan mencapai 300 kg per kapita per tahun dan berpotensi meningkat seiring implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) melalui Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG). Selain itu, industri krimer juga menghasilkan reject product yang masih memiliki kandungan nutrisi tinggi. Kondisi tersebut mendorong perlunya pengelolaan limbah organik yang tidak hanya mereduksi timbulan sampah, tetapi juga menghasilkan produk bernilai tambah. Salah satu pendekatan yang potensial adalah pemanfaatan Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) sebagai agen biokonversi yang mampu mengonversi kedua jenis limbah organik tersebut menjadi biomassa larva dan kasgot, sekaligus berkontribusi pada pengurangan limbah secara signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan dengan variasi feeding rate, yaitu P15, P30, dan P45 (mg/larva/hari), serta variasi komposisi substrat, yaitu komposisi berbasis nasi (N0, N10, N20, N30) dan krimer (C10) yang berasal dari sampah sisa makanan SPPG dan reject product krimer industri makanan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan absolut, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, berat akumulasi larva, wet yield, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), reduksi sampah, akumulasi kasgot, serta karakteristik fisik dan biokimia BSFL. Data dianalisis untuk melihat pengaruh masing-masing faktor serta interaksinya terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan efisiensi biokonversi larva. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa BSFL memiliki karakteristik dengan kadar air sebesar 65,13–74,33%, kadar abu 1,49–2,21%, karbohidrat 6,23–28,78%, protein 0,64–1,31%, asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid, FFA) 5,01–13,84%, dan lemak 2,97–27,15%. Kombinasi optimum bagi produksi lemak diperoleh pada perlakuan P45N20, berdasarkan capaian massa lemak tertinggi yang disertai akumulasi protein yang turut optimal. Hasil analisis Two-Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa rasio komposisi substrat tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap seluruh parameter yang diuji, meliputi berat, panjang, kadar lemak, nilai FFA, kadar protein, dan kadar karbohidrat larva. Sebaliknya, feeding rate berpengaruh signifikan terhadap berat dan kadar lemak larva, tetapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap panjang larva serta cenderung tidak memengaruhi nilai FFA, kadar protein, dan kadar karbohidrat larva BSFL.
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Food waste constitutes one of the major components of municipal solid waste and exerts significant environmental pressure when improperly managed. Indonesia generates approximately 300 kg of food waste per capita annually and is among the countries with the highest food waste contribution worldwide. This condition highlights the need for waste management strategies that not only reduce waste volume but also generate value-added products. One promising approach is the utilization of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) as bioconversion agents capable of converting organic materials into larval biomass and frass while simultaneously contributing to substantial organic waste reduction. This study employed an experimental design with feeding rate variations of P15, P30, and P45 (mg/larva/day), as well as substrate composition variations consisting of rice-based compositions (N0, N10, N20, and N30) and creamer-based composition (C10), derived from SPPG food waste and rejected creamer products from the food industry. The observed parameters included absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, larval biomass accumulation, wet yield, feed conversion ratio (FCR), waste reduction, frass accumulation, and the physical and biochemical characteristics of BSFL. The data were analyzed to evaluate the effects of each factor and their interactions on larval growth performance and bioconversion efficiency. The results showed that BSFL exhibited moisture contents ranging from 65.13–74.33%, ash contents of 1.49–2.21%, carbohydrate contents of 6.23–28.78%, protein contents of 0.64–1.31%, free fatty acid (FFA) values of 5.01–13.84%, and lipid contents of 2.97–27.15%. The optimum feeding rate for larval biomass and frass production was achieved at 45 mg/larva/day. The results also indicated that feed composition had no effect on larval weight, length, lipid content, free fatty acid (FFA) value, protein content, and carbohydrate content. In contrast, feeding rate affected larval weight and lipid content but had no effect on larval length and tended not to affect FFA value, protein content, and carbohydrate content.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Black Soldier Fly, Feeding Rate, Komposisi Pakan, Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG), Reject Product Krimer, Feed Composition
Subjects:	Q Science T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aurora Hartyas Naifahsyah
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 06:31
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 06:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137684

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