Roihan, Ahmad (2026) Analisa Kegagalan Dan Mekanisme Kerusakan Pada Tube High Pressure 1 Economizer Dengan Material SA-178 A Di Unit Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) PT X. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Tube High Pressure (HP) 1 Economizer pada unit Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) PT X mengalami kebocoran setelah beroperasi dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme kerusakan yang menyebabkan kebocoran serta mengevaluasi pengaruh kualitas material dan kondisi operasi terhadap degradasi tube berbahan SA-178 Grade A. Metode penelitian meliputi pemeriksaan visual, pengujian Positive Material Identification (PMI), pengujian tarik, pengujian kekerasan Vickers, metalografi, serta analisis Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dengan membandingkan tube baru dan tube eksisting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi kimia kedua tube masih memenuhi spesifikasi SA-178 Grade A, namun nilai tensile strength, yield strength, dan kekerasan tube eksisting mengalami penurunan dibandingkan tube baru. Pengamatan metalografi menunjukkan terbentuknya lapisan oksida (oxide scale) pada sisi fire side dan steam side, sedangkan hasil SEM-EDS menunjukkan deposit didominasi oleh unsur Fe (56,66 wt%) dan O (27,16 wt%) yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya produk oksidasi besi. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil pengujian, mekanisme kerusakan yang dominan adalah oksidasi temperatur tinggi (high temperature oxidation) pada sisi fire side yang disertai pembentukan deposit pada sisi steam side. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan degradasi material secara bertahap, ditandai dengan pembentukan lapisan oksida dan penurunan sifat mekanik, sehingga meningkatkan potensi terjadinya kebocoran pada tube HP 1 Economizer.
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The High Pressure (HP) 1 Economizer tube in the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) unit of PT X experienced leakage after operating for a certain period of time. This study aims to identify the failure mechanism causing the leakage and evaluate the influence of material quality and operating conditions on the degradation of SA-178 Grade A tubes. The research methods included visual inspection, Positive Material Identification (PMI), tensile testing, Vickers hardness testing, metallographic examination, and Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis by comparing new and existing tubes. The results showed that the chemical compositions of both tubes still met the SA-178 Grade A specification; however, the tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness values of the existing tube were lower than those of the new tube. Metallographic observations revealed the formation of an oxide scale on both the fire side and steam side, while SEM-EDS analysis indicated that the deposits were dominated by Fe (56.66 wt%) and O (27.16 wt%), suggesting the formation of iron oxide corrosion products. Based on the overall test results, the dominant failure mechanism was identified as high temperature oxidation on the fire side accompanied by deposit formation on the steam side. These conditions caused gradual material degradation, characterized by oxide scale formation and reduced mechanical properties, thereby increasing the potential for leakage in the HP 1 Economizer tube.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | HRSG, economizer, SA-178 Grade A, high temperature oxidation, deposit, analisis kegagalan, HRSG, economizer, SA-178 Grade A, high temperature oxidation, deposit, failure analysis. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN690 Metallography. Physical metallurgy |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ahmad Roihan |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2026 01:40 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2026 01:40 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137730 |
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