Patmonojati, Dimas Permadi (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Mol LiF/MAX pada Sintesis MXene Metode MILD dan Rasio Massa MXene:Fe₃O₄ terhadap Aktivitas Fotokatalitik Degradasi Methylene Blue. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pencemaran zat warna sintetis menjadi salah satu permasalahan lingkungan karena senyawanya stabil, sulit terdegradasi secara alami, dan berpotensi mengganggu ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rasio mol LiF/MAX pada sintesis MXene menggunakan metode Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) serta rasio massa MXene:Fe3O4 terhadap aktivitas fotokatalitik penyisihan methylene blue (MB). MXene Ti3C2Tx disintesis dari Ti3AlC2 menggunakan sistem LiF/HCl dengan rasio mol LiF/MAX sebesar 7,5:1 dan 12:1 tanpa tahap delaminasi tambahan, sedangkan Fe3O4 disintesis melalui metode kopresipitasi. Komposit MXene/Fe3O4 dibuat secara ex situ dengan rasio massa 2:1, 1:1, dan 1:2. Material dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, BET, VSM, dan UV-Vis, kemudian diuji terhadap MB di bawah iradiasi UV selama 120 menit setelah tahap adsorpsi gelap. Peningkatan rasio mol LiF/MAX dari 7,5:1 menjadi 12:1 meningkatkan d-spacing bidang (002) dari 9,45 menjadi 13,57 Å dan luas permukaan spesifik dari 124,302 menjadi 152,261 m²/g. Namun, peningkatan jumlah LiF juga meningkatkan kandungan unsur F pada MX-12 sehingga sampel tersebut lebih dominan menunjukkan karakter adsorptif, sedangkan MX-7,5 menunjukkan laju reaksi fotokatalitik yang lebih tinggi. Pembentukan komposit mempertahankan fase karakteristik MXene dan Fe3O4 serta menurunkan celah pita optik seiring meningkatnya fraksi Fe3O4. Efisiensi penyisihan MB tertinggi sebesar 72,41% diperoleh pada komposit MX-12/Fe3O4 dengan rasio 1:2, sedangkan konstanta laju semu orde pertama tertinggi sebesar 0,00540 menit⁻¹ diperoleh pada komposit MX-7,5/Fe3O4 dengan rasio 1:1. Seluruh komposit menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan lebih tinggi dibandingkan Fe3O4 murni yang hanya mencapai 11,35%. Secara keseluruhan, kinerja komposit dipengaruhi oleh keseimbangan antara kapasitas adsorpsi, komposisi Fe3O4, dan aktivitas fotokatalitik. Keberadaan Fe3O4 juga memberikan sifat magnetik yang memudahkan pemisahan katalis dari larutan setelah pengujian. ==================================================================================================================================
Synthetic dye pollution is an environmental concern because these compounds are stable, difficult to degrade naturally, and potentially harmful to aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the LiF/MAX molar ratio in MXene synthesis using the Minimally Intensive Layer Delamination (MILD) method and the MXene:Fe3O4 mass ratio on the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB). Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized from Ti3AlC2 using a LiF/HCl system at LiF/MAX molar ratios of 7.5:1 and 12:1 without an additional delamination step, whereas Fe3O4 was synthesized by co-precipitation. MXene/Fe3O4 composites were fabricated ex situ at mass ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The materials were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, BET, VSM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and subsequently evaluated for MB removal under UV irradiation for 120 min after a dark adsorption stage. Increasing the LiF/MAX molar ratio from 7.5:1 to 12:1 increased the (002) d-spacing from 9.45 to 13.57 Å and the specific surface area from 124.302 to 152.261 m²/g. However, the higher LiF amount also increased the F content in MX-12, resulting in more pronounced adsorptive behavior, whereas MX-7.5 exhibited a higher photocatalytic reaction rate. Composite formation preserved the characteristic phases of MXene and Fe3O4 and reduced the optical band gap as the Fe3O4 fraction increased. The highest MB removal efficiency of 72.41% was achieved by the MX-12/Fe3O4 composite at a 1:2 ratio, whereas the highest pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.00540 min⁻¹ was obtained by the MX-7.5/Fe3O4 composite at a 1:1 ratio. All composites exhibited higher removal efficiencies than pristine Fe3O4, which achieved only 11.35%. Overall, the composite performance was influenced by the balance among adsorption capacity, Fe3O4 composition, and photocatalytic activity. The presence of Fe3O4 also provided magnetic properties that facilitated catalyst separation from the solution after testing.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fe₃O₄, Fotokatalisis, Methylene Blue, MILD, MXene, Fe₃O₄, Photocatalysis, Methylene Blue, MILD, Mxene |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD716 Photocatalysis. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Dimas Permadi Patmonojati |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2026 01:45 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2026 01:45 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137733 |
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