Fariz, Fahiem Akmal (2026) Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Molar Active Material dalam Regenerasi Katoda LiNi₀.₃Co₀.₃Al₀.₃O₂ (NCA) Menggunakan Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) terhadap Stabilitas Struktur dan Performa Elektrokimia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5011221171-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5011221171-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (56MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Baterai lithium-ion berbasis katoda LiNi₀.₃Co₀.₃Al₀.₃O₂ (NCA) mengalami degradasi struktur dan penurunan performa setelah penggunaan berulang, sehingga diperlukan metode regenerasi yang mampu memulihkan material secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio active material terhadap Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) pada stabilitas struktur dan performa elektrokimia katoda NCA hasil regenerasi. Material katoda bekas diregenerasi menggunakan DESs pada suhu 120 °C dengan rasio 0,025; 0,05; 0,075; dan 0,1 g/mL, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EIS, CV, dan GCD. Hasil TGA menunjukkan penurunan massa hingga minimum sekitar 91,6% pada 500 °C akibat pelepasan kelembapan, sisa elektrolit, serta dekomposisi komponen organik, kemudian terjadi kenaikan massa menuju 600 °C akibat reoksidasi parsial, sehingga 600 °C dipilih sebagai suhu kalsinasi awal. Hasil FTIR menunjukkan hilangnya puncak khas PVDF setelah perlakuan termal. Hasil XRD menunjukkan seluruh sampel mempertahankan struktur layered heksagonal α-NaFeO₂ dengan grup ruang R-3m, tetapi rasio I(003)/I(104) masih di bawah 1,2 yang mengindikasikan cation mixing. Hasil SEM menunjukkan morfologi partikel sekunder tetap mendekati sferis, dengan peningkatan aglomerasi dan ketidakteraturan permukaan pada rasio lebih tinggi. Secara elektrokimia, RNCA 0,025 menghasilkan Rct terendah sebesar 1,57 × 10³ Ω·cm² serta respons CV dan GCD relatif terbaik, sedangkan peningkatan rasio menyebabkan hambatan transfer muatan, polarisasi, dan irreversibilitas semakin besar. Dengan demikian, rasio 0,025 memberikan pemulihan struktur dan performa elektrokimia relatif terbaik, meskipun regenerasi belum berlangsung sepenuhnya optimal.
===================================================================================================================================
Lithium-ion batteries based on LiNi₀.₃Co₀.₃Al₀.₃O₂ (NCA) cathodes undergo structural degradation and performance deterioration after repeated use, requiring a direct regeneration method to recover the spent material. This study investigates the effect of active material-to-Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) ratios on the structural stability and electrochemical performance of regenerated NCA cathodes. Spent cathode material was regenerated using DES at 120 °C with ratios of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 g/mL, followed by TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EIS, CV, and GCD analyses. TGA results showed that the remaining mass decreased to approximately 91.6% at 500 °C due to the removal of moisture, electrolyte residues, and organic components, followed by a mass increase toward 600 °C associated with partial reoxidation; therefore, 600 °C was selected as the initial calcination temperature. FTIR analysis confirmed the disappearance of characteristic PVDF peaks after thermal treatment. XRD results showed that all regenerated samples retained the layered hexagonal α-NaFeO₂ structure with the R-3m space group, although their I(003)/I(104) ratios remained below 1.2, indicating cation mixing. SEM observations revealed nearly spherical secondary particles, with greater agglomeration and surface irregularity at higher ratios. Electrochemical testing showed that RNCA 0.025 exhibited the lowest Rct of 1.57 × 10³ Ω·cm² and relatively better CV and GCD responses, whereas increasing the ratio resulted in greater charge-transfer resistance, polarization, and irreversibility. Therefore, the 0.025 ratio provided the best relative structural recovery and electrochemical performance, although regeneration remained incomplete.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Direct Regeneration, Deep Eutectic Solvents, NCA. Direct Regeneration, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs), NCA, Electrochemical Performance |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC100 Crystals. Q Science > QC Physics > QC610.3 Electric conductivity |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fahiem Akmal Fariz |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2026 01:51 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2026 01:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137755 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |