Athallah, Sultan Faiq (2026) High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA), Bottom Ash, dan Nano Silika Geotermal pada Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) untuk Aplikasi Beton Pemecah Gelombang di Kawasan Rentan Abrasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Lingkungan laut merupakan lingkungan agresif yang dapat menurunkan durabilitas beton akibat abrasi, penetrasi ion klorida, dan serangan sulfat. Selain itu, penggunaan semen dalam jumlah besar pada beton konvensional berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi karbon dioksida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) yang menggunakan High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA), Bottom Ash, dan Nano silika geothermal sebagai material substitusi dan aditif untuk aplikasi beton pemecah gelombang di kawasan rentan abrasi. Variasi campuran yang digunakan meliputi BK, FA60, FA70, FABA60, dan FABA70. Benda uji direndam pada lingkungan laut di Pilar 1 Jembatan Suramadu sisi Surabaya selama 30, 60, 90, dan 120 hari. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi workability, kuat tekan, kuat tarik belah, keausan, kadar klorida, kadar sulfat, karbonasi, porositas, pH, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi memenuhi persyaratan EFNARC (2005) untuk SCC. Kuat tekan seluruh variasi meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur perendaman, dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 53,6 MPa pada beton kontrol umur 120 hari. Variasi FA70 menghasilkan kuat tarik belah tertinggi sebesar 3,15 MPa, sedangkan FABA60 menunjukkan ketahanan abrasi terbaik dengan nilai keausan terendah sebesar 0,011 mm/menit. Variasi FA70 memiliki ketahanan terbaik terhadap penetrasi klorida dengan kadar klorida total terendah sebesar 0,055% pada umur 120 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan HVFA, Bottom Ash, dan Nano silika geothermal berpotensi menghasilkan beton SCC yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan memiliki durabilitas yang baik pada lingkungan laut.
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Marine environments are highly aggressive and can accelerate concrete deterioration due to abrasion, chloride ion penetration, and sulfate attack. Furthermore, the cement industry contributes significantly to carbon dioxide emissions, creating a need for more sustainable alternative materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of incorporating High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA), Bottom Ash, and Geothermal Nano silika into Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) on its mechanical properties and durability for breakwater applications in abrasion-prone coastal areas. Five concrete mixtures were evaluated: control concrete (BK), FA60, FA70, FABA60, and FABA70. The specimens were exposed to a marine environment at Pier 1 of the Suramadu Bridge, Surabaya, Indonesia, for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The experimental program included tests on workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, abrasion resistance, carbonation depth, porosity, pH, chloride content, sulfate content, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that all mixtures satisfied the EFNARC (2005) requirements for Self Compacting Concrete. Both compressive strength and splitting tensile strength increased with longer exposure periods in the marine environment. The incorporation of fly ash, bottom ash, and geothermal nano silika improved the concrete microstructure, resulting in enhanced abrasion resistance and reduced chloride ion penetration. The FA70 mixture exhibited the highest resistance to chloride ingress, while FABA60 demonstrated the best abrasion resistance. Overall, the findings indicate that the combined use of HVFA, Bottom Ash, and Geothermal Nano silika can produce a more sustainable SCC with satisfactory durability for coastal structures exposed to aggressive marine environments.
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