Evaluasi Dampak Penerapan Smart City Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Kota Surabaya: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lingkungan

Cahya, Rifky Roudana Imani (2026) Evaluasi Dampak Penerapan Smart City Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Kota Surabaya: Tinjauan dari Perspektif Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lingkungan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Implementasi Smart City di Kota Surabaya sejak tahun 2020 bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat melalui perbaikan layanan publik dan optimalisasi sumber daya kota. Namun, capaian tersebut belum optimal: pertumbuhan jumlah UMKM belum diikuti peningkatan pendapatan secara proporsional, Angka Partisipasi Sekolah mengalami tekanan, dan timbulan sampah terus meningkat melebihi kapasitas pengolahan yang ada, sementara ketiga aspek ini saling berinteraksi secara dinamis dalam satu sistem perkotaan yang kompleks sehingga diperlukan pendekatan yang mampu merepresentasikan keterkaitan tersebut secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan System Dynamics untuk membangun model simulasi yang merepresentasikan dinamika dampak Smart City terhadap aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan periode 2020–2024, yang dikembangkan melalui tahapan artikulasi masalah, perumusan hipotesis dinamik, serta penyusunan Causal Loop Diagram dan Stock and Flow Diagram menggunakan perangkat lunak Vensim PLE, dengan data sekunder dari BPS Kota Surabaya, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM, serta Masterplan Smart City Kota Surabaya 2023. Ketiga aspek dihubungkan melalui variabel bersama (shared variables), yaitu Jumlah Penduduk dan PDRB/Pendapatan per Kapita, dalam satu Causal Loop Diagram terintegrasi, dengan validitas model diuji melalui Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), yang menghasilkan MAPE seluruh variabel di bawah ambang toleransi 10% (0,24%–8,93%). Selanjutnya, lima skenario kebijakan dirumuskan dan disimulasikan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitasnya, dengan hasil simulasi menunjukkan skenario Smart Economy 2.0 meningkatkan Total Pendapatan UMKM dari Rp3,9 triliun menjadi Rp4,8 triliun pada tahun 2024; Smart Scholarship Targeting meningkatkan Angka Partisipasi Sekolah dari 95,5% menjadi 96,6%; Smart Preventive Healthcare meningkatkan Angka Harapan Hidup dari 75,7% menjadi 77,3%; sementara Smart Waste 2.0 dan Smart Carbon Monitoring masing-masing menekan stok sampah secara konsisten dan memperlambat laju pertumbuhan emisi udara. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Smart City yang terintegrasi dan berbasis data mampu memberikan dampak positif terukur secara simultan pada ketiga aspek kualitas hidup masyarakat, dan diharapkan menjadi rekomendasi kebijakan berbasis bukti bagi Pemerintah Kota Surabaya.
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The implementation of Smart City in the City of Surabaya since 2020 aims to improve the quality of life of the community through improving public services and optimizing city resources. However, these achievements are not yet optimal: the growth in the number of MSMEs has not been accompanied by a proportional increase in income, School Enrollment Rates are experiencing pressure, and waste generation continues to increase beyond existing processing capacity, while these three aspects interact dynamically with each other in a complex urban system so that an approach is needed that is able to represent these relationships as a whole. This research uses a System Dynamics approach to build a simulation model that represents the dynamics of the Smart City's impact on economic, social and environmental aspects for the 2020–2024 period, which was developed through the stages of problem articulation, dynamic hypothesis formulation, as well as the preparation of Causal Loop Diagrams and Stock and Flow Diagrams using Vensim PLE software, with secondary data from Surabaya City BPS, Environmental Service, Cooperative and UMKM Service, as well as the Surabaya City Smart City Masterplan 2023. The three aspects are connected through variables. together (shared variables), namely Population and GRDP/Income per Capita, in one integrated Causal Loop Diagram, with the validity of the model tested through Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), which produces MAPE for all variables below the tolerance threshold of 10% (0.24%–8.93%). Furthermore, five policy scenarios were formulated and simulated to evaluate their effectiveness, with the simulation results showing that the Smart Economy 2.0 scenario increased Total MSME Income from IDR 3.9 trillion to IDR 4.8 trillion in 2024; Smart Scholarship Targeting increased School Participation Rate from 95.5% to 96.6%; Smart Preventive Healthcare increases Life Expectancy from 75.7% to 77.3%; while Smart Waste 2.0 and Smart Carbon Monitoring each consistently reduce waste stocks and slow the growth rate of air emissions. These findings show that an integrated and data-based Smart City policy is able to provide a measurable positive impact simultaneously on three aspects of people's quality of life, and is expected to become an evidence-based policy recommendation for the Surabaya City Government.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Smart City, Sistem Dinamik, Kualitas Hidup, UMKM, Angka Partisipasi Sekolah, Angka Harapan Hidup, Stok Sampah, Emisi Udara, Surabaya, Smart City, Dynamic Systems, Quality of Life, MSMEs, School Enrollment Rates, Life Expectancy Rates, Waste Stock, Air Emissions, Surabaya
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT133 City and Towns. Land use,urban H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Information System > 59101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifky Roudana Imani Cahya
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2026 08:52
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2026 08:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137889

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