Hamida, Andi Fainy Dhafa (2026) Pengaruh Akselerator DMPT - DMOT serta Inhibitor Hydroquinone terhadap Properties Acrylic Bone Cement Berbasis PMMA untuk Aplikasi Cranioplasty. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Cranioplasty merupakan tindakan intervensi bedah yang bertujuan memperbaiki defek tulang tengkorak akibat trauma, infeksi, tumor, maupun tindakan dekompresi, guna mengembalikan fungsi proteksi otak serta memperbaiki aspek estetika pasien. Salah satu material yang banyak digunakan dalam prosedur ini adalah acrylic bone cement. Acrylic bone cement merupakan komposit polimer–keramik berbasis polimetil metakrilat (PMMA). Namun, tingginya biaya implan, terutama di Indonesia yang masih bergantung pada produk impor, mendorong pengembangan material alternatif yang lebih efektif dan ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio powder-liquid (P/L), jenis akselerator, serta penambahan inhibitor hydroquinone terhadap karakteristik acrylic bone cement berbasis PMMA sesuai standar ASTM F451-21. Penelitian dilakukan melalui sintesis serbuk PMMA menggunakan metode polimerisasi suspensi, dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan acrylic bone cement. Untuk menganalisis performa bone cement dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian Fourier Transform Infrared Specstroscopy (FTIR) pada powder PMMA, pengamatan dough time dan setting time, uji tekan, dan pengujian Scanning Electron Microscopy dan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi rasio powder-liquid (P/L), jenis akselerator, dan penambahan hydroquinone memengaruhi karakteristik acrylic bone cement. Formulasi dengan rasio P/L 1:1, akselerator N,N-dimethyl-o-toluidine (DMOT) 3 wt% dan tanpa hydroquinone (BC11O3) menghasilkan kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 269,53 ± 17,77 MPa, sedangkan formulasi dengan rasio P/L 2:1, akselerator DMOT 3 wt%, dan penambahan hydroquinone (BC21O3H) menghasilkan kuat tekan terendah sebesar 237,35 ± 12,93 MPa. Seluruh spesimen memenuhi persyaratan minimum ASTM F451 sebesar 70 MPa. Penggunaan akselerator DMPT mempercepat proses polimerisasi dengan dough time 2 menit 19 detik, setting time 5 menit 27 detik, dan temperature setting 50,87°C, sedangkan DMOT menghasilkan proses polimerisasi yang lebih lambat dengan dough time 3 menit 18 detik, setting time 16 menit 50 detik, dan temperature setting 36,46°C pada rasio P/L 2:1 tanpa hydroquinone. Penambahan hydroquinone meningkatkan dough time, setting time, dan menurunkan temperature setting; pada sistem berbasis DMPT, dough time meningkat dari 2 menit 19 detik menjadi 3 menit 00 detik, setting time dari 5 menit 27 detik menjadi 7 menit 01 detik, serta temperature setting menurun dari 50,87°C menjadi 39,80°C.
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Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair skull defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors, or decompressive craniectomy, with the aim of restoring brain protection and improving the patient's aesthetic appearance. One of the materials widely used in this procedure is acrylic bone cement. Acrylic bone cement is a polymer–ceramic composite based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). However, the high cost of implants, particularly in Indonesia where they are still largely dependent on imported products, has encouraged the development of alternative materials that are more effective and economical. This study aimed to investigate the effects of powder-to-liquid (P/L) ratio, accelerator type, and hydroquinone inhibitor addition on the characteristics of PMMA-based acrylic bone cement in accordance with ASTM F451-21. The study was conducted by synthesizing PMMA powder using the suspension polymerization method, followed by the preparation of acrylic bone cement. The bone cement was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for PMMA powder, dough time and setting time measurements, compressive strength testing, and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results demonstrated that variations in the powder-to-liquid (P/L) ratio, accelerator type, and hydroquinone addition significantly affected the characteristics of acrylic bone cement. The formulation with a 1:1 P/L ratio, 3 wt% N,N-dimethyl-o-toluidine (DMOT) accelerator, and without hydroquinone (BC11O3) exhibited the highest compressive strength of 269.53 ± 17.77 MPa, whereas the formulation with a 2:1 P/L ratio, 3 wt% DMOT accelerator, and hydroquinone addition (BC21O3H) exhibited the lowest compressive strength of 237.35 ± 12.93 MPa. All specimens satisfied the minimum compressive strength requirement of 70 MPa specified in ASTM F451. The use of N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) as the accelerator accelerated the polymerization process, resulting in a dough time of 2 min 19 s, a setting time of 5 min 27 s, and a peak setting temperature of 50.87°C. In contrast, DMOT produced a slower polymerization process, with a dough time of 3 min 18 s, a setting time of 16 min 50 s, and a peak setting temperature of 36.46°C at a 2:1 P/L ratio without hydroquinone. The addition of hydroquinone increased both dough time and setting time while reducing the peak setting temperature. In the DMPT-based system, dough time increased from 2 min 19 s to 3 min 00 s, setting time increased from 5 min 27 s to 7 min 01 s, and the peak setting temperature decreased from 50.87°C to 39.80°C.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kranioplasti, PMMA, Polimerisasi Suspensi, Cranioplasty, PMMA, Suspension Polimerization |
| Subjects: | Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > Polymerization R Medicine > R Medicine (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General) > R857.M3 Biomedical materials. Biomedical materials--Testing. R Medicine > RD Surgery R Medicine > RD Surgery > RD132 Implants, Artificial. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Andi Fainy Dhafa Hamida |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2026 07:56 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2026 07:56 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137896 |
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