Jannah, Fizahrotil (2026) Evaluasi Pengaruh Koefisien Atenuasi Linier Dan Densitas Elektron Relatif Material Fantom Payudara Terhadap Dosis Radiasi Dan Kualitas Citra Dalam Mamografi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada perempuan di seluruh dunia. Mamografi merupakan modalitas pencitraan yang digunakan sebagai gold standard dalam deteksi dini kanker payudara, namun penggunaan sinar-X pada pemeriksaan ini tetap memerlukan optimasi antara dosis radiasi dan kualitas citra sesuai prinsip As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). Karakteristik fisik material fantom, seperti koefisien atenuasi linier dan densitas elektron relatif (Relative Electron Density/RED), berperan penting dalam menentukan interaksi sinar-X yang selanjutnya memengaruhi dosis radiasi dan kualitas citra mamografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh koefisien atenuasi linier dan densitas elektron relatif terhadap parameter dosimetri dan kualitas citra fantom mamografi. Fantom dibuat menggunakan kombinasi gelatin – gliserol dan PVC – DOP serta penambahan parafin oil dengan variasi ketebalan 4 cm, 5 cm, dan 6 cm serta variasi kepadatan yang merepresentasikan komposisi jaringan adiposa dan glandular yang berbeda, sedangkan sisipan lesi massa sibuat menggunakan silicone rubber, katalis, silicone oil, serta penambahan serbuk CaCO_3 dan BaSO_4. Karakteristik fisik fantom ditentukan melalui perhitungan koefisien atenuasi linier dan RED. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian menggunakan pesawat mamografi digital untuk memperoleh nilai Entrance Surface Dose (ESD), Mean Glandular Dose (MGD), serta kualitas citra yang dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), dan Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), serta menganalisis hubungan karakteristik fisik material terhadap dosis radiasi dan kualitas citra mamografi. Fantom difabrikasi menggunakan kombinasi material gelatin–gliserol dan PVC–DOP dengan variasi karakteristik radiologis. Karakterisasi fisik dilakukan melalui perhitungan koefisien atenuasi linier dan RED. Pengukuran dosimetri dilakukan menggunakan sistem mamografi digital pada mode Automatic Exposure Control (AEC), sedangkan analisis kualitas citra dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ dan pengolahan citra berbasis MATLAB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai koefisien atenuasi linier sebesar 0,39–0,53 cm⁻¹, RED sebesar 1,01–1,22. Nilai ESD berada pada rentang 0,18–0,33 mGy, sedangkan MGD sebesar 0,92–1,97 mGy. Nilai SNR, CNR, dan MTF menunjukkan bahwa fantom dengan komposisi 50% adiposa 50% glandular memberikan kualitas citra terbaik. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik radiologis material memiliki keterkaitan dengan parameter dosimetri dan kualitas citra mamografi, sehingga fantom yang dikembangkan berpotensi digunakan sebagai media evaluasi dan optimasi sistem mamografi.
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Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Mammography is the gold standard imaging modality for the early detection of breast cancer; however, the use of X-rays requires optimization between radiation dose and image quality in accordance with the As Low as Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. The physical characteristics of phantom materials, including the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), and Relative Electron Density (RED) play an important role in determining X-ray interactions, which subsequently affect radiation dose and mammographic image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the physical characteristics of breast phantom materials on dosimetric parameters and mammographic image quality. The breast phantom was fabricated using a combination of gelatin–glycerol and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)–dioctyl phthalate (DOP) with the addition of paraffin oil. The phantom was designed with thickness variations of 4, 5, and 6 cm and density variations representing different adipose-to-glandular tissue compositions. Simulated mass lesions were fabricated using silicone rubber, catalyst, silicone oil, and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and barium sulfate (BaSO₄) powders. The physical characteristics of the phantom were determined by calculating the linear attenuation coefficient and RED. Dosimetric evaluation was performed using a digital mammography system operating in Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) mode to obtain the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Mean Glandular Dose (MGD). Image quality was assessed using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), and Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), while ImageJ and a MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) were employed for image analysis. The results showed that the linear attenuation coefficient ranged from 0.3917 to 0.5280 cm⁻¹, RED ranged from 1,01–1,22. The ESD values ranged from 0.1842 to 0.3325 mGy, whereas the MGD values ranged from 0.92 to 1.97 mGy. The highest image quality, based on SNR, CNR, and MTF, was achieved by the phantom with a 50% adipose 50% glandular composition. The findings indicate that the radiological characteristics of phantom materials are closely associated with dosimetric parameters and mammographic image quality, suggesting that the developed phantom has the potential to serve as an effective tool for the evaluation and optimization of mammography systems.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Dosis Radiasi, Fantom Payudara, Koefisien Atenuasi Linier, Densitas Elektron Relatif, Dose Radiaton, Breast Phantom, Linear Coefficient Attenuation, Relative Electron Density, Effective Atomic Number. |
| Subjects: | Q Science Q Science > Q Science (General) Q Science > QC Physics Q Science > QC Physics > QC795.5 Radioactivity and radioactive Instruments and apparatus (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Physics > 45201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fizahrotil Jannah |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2026 08:43 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2026 08:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137905 |
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