Analisa Pengaruh Co-firing Batu Bara dan Biomass Wood Pellet Terhadap Permodelan Siklus Thermal PLTU 400 MW

Ramadhani, Angela Rizki (2026) Analisa Pengaruh Co-firing Batu Bara dan Biomass Wood Pellet Terhadap Permodelan Siklus Thermal PLTU 400 MW. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) berbahan bakar batu bara masih menjadi tulang punggung sistem ketenagalistrikan Indonesia, namun berkontribusi besar terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Sebagai solusi transisi energi yang dapat diterapkan tanpa perubahan infrastruktur besar, Co-firing biomassa Wood pellet pada PLTU menjadi alternatif yang potensial untuk menurunkan emisi dan meningkatkan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan. Meskipun demikian, variasi rasio Co-firing dapat mempengaruhi kinerja termal dan emisi gas buang akibat perbedaan karakteristik biomassa dan batu bara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi rasio Co-firing biomassa Wood pellet sebesar 3%, 5%, dan 7% terhadap efisiensi termal dan emisi gas buang pada PLTU berkapasitas 400 MW. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemodelan dan simulasi siklus termal PLTU berbasis siklus Rankine menggunakan perangkat lunak Steam Pro. Simulasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan kondisi operasi PLTU berbahan bakar batu bara murni dan skenario Co-firing berdasarkan neraca massa dan energi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Co-firing Wood pellet pada rasio 3–7% mampu menurunkan emisi gas buang secara konsisten, dengan perubahan efisiensi termal netto yang relatif kecil dan tetap berada dalam batas operasional yang aman. Penurunan emisi paling signifikan dicapai pada rasio 7%, yaitu penurunan emisi CO₂ sebesar 6,94% (dari 99,54 kg/s menjadi 92,61 kg/s) dan emisi SO₂ sebesar 2,48% (dari 0,121 kg/s menjadi 0,118 kg/s), sementara efisiensi termal netto tetap terjaga stabil pada kisaran 35,83–35,85% (basis HHV). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan teknis dalam penentuan rasio Co-firing yang optimal untuk mendukung target energi terbarukan nasional tahun 2026.
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Coal-fired power plants remain the backbone of Indonesia's electricity system, but they contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. As an energy transition solution that can be implemented without major infrastructure changes, Wood pellet biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants is a potential alternative to reduce emissions and increase the use of renewable energy. However, variations in the co-firing ratio can affect thermal performance and exhaust emissions due to differences in the characteristics of biomass and coal. This study aims to analyze the effect of Wood pellet biomass co-firing ratio variations of 3%, 5%, and 7% on thermal efficiency and exhaust emissions in a 400 MW power plant. The method used is thermal cycle modeling and simulation of the power plant based on the Rankine cycle using Steam Pro software. The simulation was carried out by comparing the operating conditions of a pure coal-fired power plant with co-firing scenarios based on mass and energy balances The analysis results show that the application of Wood pellet co-firing at a ratio of 3–7% consistently reduces exhaust emissions, with relatively small changes in net thermal efficiency that remain within a safe operational range. The most significant emission reduction was achieved at the 7% ratio, with CO₂ emissions decreasing by 6.94% (from 99.54 kg/s to 92.61 kg/s) and SO₂ emissions decreasing by 2.48% (from 0.121 kg/s to 0.118 kg/s), while net thermal efficiency remained stable at approximately 35.83–35.85% (HHV basis). The results of this study are expected to serve as a technical reference in determining the optimal co-firing ratio to support the 2026 national renewable energy target.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Co-firing; Wood pellet; PLTU; Efisiensi Termal; Siklus Rankine. Co-firing, Wood pellet; PLTU; Thermal Efficiency; Rankine Cycle
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Angela Rizki Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 01:01
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 01:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/137922

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