Setiawan, Muhammad Ferry (2026) Perancangan Velg Komposit Berbasis Serat Karbon Pada Mobil Urban Concept Hemat Energi Dengan Pendekatan Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Velg merupakan komponen penting pada sistem roda kendaraan yang berfungsi menopang beban dan menyalurkan gaya selama kendaraan beroperasi. Pada mobil urban cocept hemat energi, velg dituntut memiliki massa yang ringan tanpa mengorbankan kekuatan dan keselamatan struktural. Material komposit serat karbon memiliki rasio kekuatan terhadap berat yang tinggi, namun karakteristik anisotropiknya memerlukan pendekatan analisis yang tepat dalam proses perancangan. Proyek Akhir ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menganalisis velg komposit berbasis serat karbon pada mobil Urban Concept Hemat Energi menggunakan pendekatan Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). Metode penelitian meliputi perancangan geometri awal velg, penentuan skenario pembebanan berdasarkan dinamika kendaraan dan acuan SAE J328, serta analisis struktur menggunakan simulasi static structural pada perangkat lunak ANSYS. Evaluasi perilaku laminasi komposit dilakukan menggunakan ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP) dengan kriteria kegagalan Tsai–Wu. Dari penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan hasil susunan layup otptimal dengan variasi orientasi serat 0°, ±45°, dan 90° pada carbon preppreg di dukung oleh core lantorsoric. Melalui studi mesh, didapatkan ukuran mesh 4 mm dengan presentase error 1,31% dan max skewness 0,62153. Hasil simulasi struktural statis menunjukkan bahwa struktur velg yang dirancang aman dengan max stress 169,32 MPa dan kriteria kegagalan dengan metode Tsai-Wu diangka 0,86626 pada skenario pembebanan lateral load. Hasil dari optimasi velg komposit serat karbon, didapatkan pengurangan massa velg sebesar 2,248 kg dari keempat roda. Untuk manufaktur komposit direkomendasikan menggunakan vakum bagging dengan curing oven tanpa autoklaf. Desain cetakan terpisah menggunakan aluminium 6061-T6 yang telah disimulasikan pada CAM sebagai referensi manufaktur.
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The wheel rim is a critical component of a vehicle's wheel system, serving to support loads and transmit forces during operation. In energy-efficient Urban Concept cars, wheel rims are required to be lightweight without compromising structural strength and safety. Carbon fiber composite materials offer a high strength-to-weight ratio; however, their anisotropic characteristics necessitate a precise analytical approach during the design process. This Final Project aims to design and analyze a carbon fiber-based composite wheel rim for an EnergyEfficient Urban Concept car using a Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) approach. The research methodology encompasses the initial geometry design of the wheel rim, the determination of loading scenarios based on vehicle dynamics and the SAE J328 standard, and structural analysis using static structural simulations in ANSYS software . The evaluation of the composite laminate behavior was performed using ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP) under the Tsai–Wu failure criterion. Based on the research conducted, the optimal layup configuration was achieved using a combination of 0°, ±45°, and 90° fiber orientations on carbon prepreg, supported by a Lantor Soric core. Through mesh studies, a mesh size of 4 mm was selected, yielding an error percentage of 1.31% and a maximum skewness of 0.62153. The static structural simulation results indicate that the designed wheel rim structure is safe, exhibiting a maximum stress of 169.32 MPa and a failure criterion value of 0.86626 under the Tsai-Wu theory during the lateral load scenario. Furthermore, the optimization of the carbon fiber composite wheel rim resulted in a total mass reduction of 2.248 kg across all four wheels. For the composite manufacturing process, vacuum bagging with oven curing (out-ofautoclave) is recommended. A split-mold design made of Aluminum 6061-T6 was also simulated using CAM software to serve as a manufacturing reference.
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