Maulana, Wulung (2026) Analisa Pengaruh Temperatur dan Waktu Tahan Proses Pack Nitriding Terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Sifat Mekanik Material Stainless Steel 316. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Stainless steel 316 merupakan baja tahan karat austenitik yang banyak digunakan pada komponen industri karena memiliki ketahanan korosi yang baik. Namun, material ini memiliki kekerasan permukaan dan ketahanan aus yang relatif rendah sehingga kurang sesuai untuk komponen yang mengalami kontak gesek terus-menerus, seperti shaft pada sistem pompa. Salah satu metode rekayasa permukaan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah pack nitriding, yaitu proses difusi nitrogen ke permukaan material untuk meningkatkan kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh temperatur dan waktu tahan proses pack nitriding terhadap struktur mikro, fasa, dan sifat mekanik Stainless Steel 316. Variasi perlakuan meliputi temperatur 500°C, 550°C, dan 600°C dengan waktu tahan 2 jam dan 6 jam menggunakan serbuk urea sebagai sumber nitrogen. Karakterisasi dilakukan melalui Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan pengujian kekerasan Vickers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pack nitriding berhasil membentuk lapisan nitridasi pada seluruh spesimen. Hasil SEM Mapping menunjukkan persebaran nitrogen semakin merata seiring meningkatnya temperatur dan waktu tahan. Analisis XRD mengidentifikasi fasa FeN sebagai fasa dominan pada seluruh variasi, sedangkan fasa CrFe hanya terdeteksi sebagai fasa minor pada perlakuan 600°C selama 2 jam dan 6 jam. Ketebalan diffusion layer meningkat dari 8,17 μm pada sampel B1 menjadi 20,49 μm pada sampel A3. Peningkatan ketebalan lapisan diikuti kenaikan kekerasan permukaan dari 164,2 HV pada material awal menjadi 929,7 HV pada sampel B3 dan mencapai 1286 HV pada sampel A3. Dengan demikian, peningkatan temperatur dan waktu tahan pada proses pack nitriding berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pembentukan lapisan nitridasi, peningkatan ketebalan diffusion layer, dan kekerasan permukaan Stainless Steel 316.
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316 Stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel widely used in industrial components due to its good corrosion resistance. However, this material has relatively low surface hardness and wear resistance, making it less suitable for components subjected to continuous frictional contact, such as shafts in pump systems. One surface engineering method to address this issue is pack nitriding, a process that involves the diffusion of nitrogen into the material’s surface to increase hardness. This study aims to analyze the effects of temperature and holding time during the pack nitriding process on the microstructure, phases, and mechanical properties of 316 stainless steel. The treatment variations included temperatures of 500°C, 550°C, and 600°C with holding times of 2 hours and 6 hours, using urea powder as the nitrogen source. Characterization was performed using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Vickers hardness testing. The results showed that the pack nitriding process successfully formed a nitrided layer on all specimens. SEM mapping results indicated that nitrogen distribution became more uniform as temperature and holding time increased. XRD analysis identified the FeN phase as the dominant phase in all treatment variations, while the CrFe phase was detected only as a minor phase in the 600°C treatments lasting 2 hours and 6 hours. The thickness of the diffusion layer increased from 8.17 μm in sample B1 to 20.49 μm in sample A3. The increase in layer thickness was accompanied by a rise in surface hardness from 164.2 HV in the as-received material to 929.7 HV in sample B3 and reached 1286 HV in sample A3. Thus, increasing the temperature and holding time in the pack nitriding process significantly affects the formation of the nitrided layer, the increase in diffusion layer thickness, and the surface hardness of 316 stainless steel.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Stainless Steel 316, Pack Nitriding, Temperatur, Waktu Tahan, Kekerasan Permukaan ========================================================================================================================================= Stainless Steel 316, Pack NItriding, Temperature, Holding Time, Surface Hardening |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS174 Maintainability (Engineering) . Reliability (Engineering) T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS205 Metals--Heat treatment. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS320 Steel--Metallurgy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Wulung Maulana Zarkasyi |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2026 01:17 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2026 01:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138067 |
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