Desain Pabrik Biometanol Grade-AA Berbasis Biogas Menggunakan Metode Mixed Reforming

Regina, Julia Ardi and Arif, Pawoko (2026) Desain Pabrik Biometanol Grade-AA Berbasis Biogas Menggunakan Metode Mixed Reforming. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan metanol nasional akibat pertumbuhan industri petrokimia, formaldehida, dan program mandatori biodiesel mendorong perlunya pengembangan sumber metanol domestik yang berkelanjutan. Di sisi lain, Indonesia memiliki potensi biogas yang sangat besar, mencapai sekitar 7 miliar Nm³ per tahun, namun tingkat pemanfaatannya masih relatif rendah. Oleh karena itu, perancangan pabrik biometanol berbasis biogas menjadi alternatif strategis untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah sumber daya terbarukan sekaligus mendukung target dekarbonisasi industri kimia. Pabrik yang dirancang memproduksi metanol Grade-AA dengan kemurnian minimum 99,85 wt% menggunakan bahan baku biogas yang mengandung metana dan karbon dioksida. Proses produksi diawali dengan penghilangan hidrogen sulfida menggunakan adsorben ZnO, dilanjutkan pemisahan sebagian karbon dioksida menggunakan absorpsi MDEA. Biogas yang telah dimurnikan kemudian direaksikan dengan steam melalui proses mixed reforming untuk menghasilkan gas sintesis dengan rasio H₂/CO yang sesuai untuk sintesis metanol. Reaksi sintesis metanol dilakukan menggunakan katalis Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ dalam reaktor multitubular isotermal tipe Lurgi. Produk crude methanol selanjutnya dimurnikan melalui unit flash separator dan kolom distilasi hingga memenuhi spesifikasi Methanol Grade-AA. Berdasarkan analisis pasar, permintaan metanol nasional menunjukkan tren peningkatan dengan ketergantungan impor yang masih tinggi, sedangkan kawasan Asia Pasifik merupakan pasar metanol terbesar dunia dengan laju pertumbuhan yang signifikan. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan pabrik biometanol berbasis biogas memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik, mengurangi impor, meningkatkan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan, serta mendukung pengembangan industri kimia rendah karbon di Indonesia.
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The increase in national methanol demand due to the growth of the petrochemical industry, formaldehyde, and the mandatory biodiesel program encourages the need for the development of sustainable domestic methanol sources. On the other hand, Indonesia has a huge biogas potential, reaching around 7 billion Nm³ per year, but the utilization rate is still relatively low. Therefore, the design of a biogas-based biomethanol plant is a strategic alternative to increase the added value of renewable resources while supporting the decarbonization target of the chemical industry. The plant is designed to produce Grade-AA methanol with a minimum purity of 99.85 wt% using biogas feedstock containing methane and carbon dioxide. The production process begins with the removal of hydrogen sulfide using ZnO adsorbents, followed by partial separation of carbon dioxide using MDEA absorption. The purified biogas is then reacted with steam through a mixed reforming process to produce a synthesis gas with a H₂/CO ratio suitable for methanol synthesis. The methanol synthesis reaction was carried out using a Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst in a Lurgi type isothermal multitubular reactor. The crude methanol products are further purified through a flash separator unit and distillation column to meet Methanol Grade-AA specifications. Based on market analysis, national methanol demand shows an increasing trend with high import dependence, while the Asia Pacific region is the world's largest methanol market with a significant growth rate. These conditions show that the construction of biogas-based biomethanol plants has promising prospects to meet domestic needs, reduce imports, increase the use of renewable energy, and support the development of the low-carbon chemical industry in Indonesia.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biometanol, Biogas, Mixed Reforming, Biometanol, Biogas, Mixed Reforming
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Regina Julia Ardi
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 02:36
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 02:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138103

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