Analisis Komparatif Respon Ionosfer Terhadap Gangguan Eksplosif dan Tektonik Menggunakan GNSS-TEC

Tuasamu, Siti Asmayanti (2026) Analisis Komparatif Respon Ionosfer Terhadap Gangguan Eksplosif dan Tektonik Menggunakan GNSS-TEC. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 6016241021-Master_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (6MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Ionosfer merupakan lapisan atmosfer atas yang sensitif terhadap pelepasan energi dari permukaan Bumi melalui mekanisme Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan respons ionosfer akibat gempa tektonik laut, gempa tektonik darat, dan sumber eksplosif menggunakan data GNSS-Total Electron Content (TEC), serta mengevaluasi keterkaitan antara karakteristik sumber dan gangguan ionosfer yang dihasilkan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap enam peristiwa representatif dengan metode ionospheric linear combination, detrending polinomial, dan bandpass filtering. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi amplitudo ΔSTEC, waktu tunda, kecepatan propagasi, frekuensi dominan, dan Coupling Efficiency berbasis energi akustik (CE-Ea). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh peristiwa menghasilkan Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance (CID) maupun Explosion-Induced Ionospheric Disturbance (EID) yang dapat dideteksi melalui pengamatan GNSS-TEC. Ketiga tipe sumber menunjukkan perbedaan amplitudo ΔSTEC, waktu tunda, durasi gangguan, dan pola propagasi. Pada kelompok gempa, VSP menunjukkan kecenderungan hubungan linier terbesar terhadap amplitudo CID dibandingkan parameter sumber lainnya, meskipun hubungannya masih relatif lemah. Pada kelompok sumber eksplosif, estimasi energi ledakan dan kecepatan objek sebelum detonasi belum menunjukkan hubungan yang konsisten dengan amplitudo EID. Seluruh studi kasus memperlihatkan frekuensi dominan pada rentang 3,658–4,400 mHz yang berada dalam pita resonansi akustik atmosfer. Nilai CE-Ea menunjukkan variasi antarperistiwa dan digunakan sebagai indikator komparatif untuk mengevaluasi variasi proporsi energi akustik yang terestimasi terhadap energi awal sumber. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa respons ionosfer dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara karakteristik sumber, konversi energi menjadi gelombang akustik, dan propagasi gelombang melalui atmosfer–ionosfer.
================================================================================================================================
The ionosphere is an upper atmospheric layer that is sensitive to energy release from the Earth’s surface through the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism. This study aims to compare ionospheric responses caused by offshore tectonic earthquakes, inland tectonic earthquakes, and explosive sources using GNSS-Total Electron Content (TEC) data, as well as to evaluate the relationship between source characteristics and the resulting ionospheric disturbances. The analysis was conducted on six representative events using the ionospheric linear combination, polynomial detrending, and bandpass filtering methods. The analyzed parameters included ΔSTEC amplitude, delay time, propagation velocity, dominant frequency, and acoustic energy-based Coupling Efficiency (CE-Ea). The results show that all events generated detectable Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances (CID) and Explosion-Induced Ionospheric Disturbances (EID) through GNSS-TEC observations. The three source types exhibited differences in ΔSTEC amplitude, delay time, disturbance duration, and propagation pattern. For the earthquake group, Vertical Surface Displacement (VSP) showed the largest linear relationship tendency with CID amplitude compared to other source parameters, although the relationship remained relatively weak. For the explosive source group, the estimated explosion energy and pre-detonation object velocity did not show a consistent relationship with EID amplitude.All study cases exhibited dominant frequencies in the range of 3.658–4.400 mHz, which lies within the atmospheric acoustic resonance band. The CE-Ea values showed variations among events and were used as a comparative indicator to evaluate variations in the proportion of estimated acoustic energy relative to the initial source energy. This study indicates that ionospheric responses are influenced by the interaction between source characteristics, the conversion of energy into acoustic waves, and wave propagation through the atmosphere–ionosphere system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Analisis Komparatif; Gangguan Eksplosif; Gangguan Tektonik; GNSS-TEC; Ionosfer; Kopling Litosfer-Atmosfer-Ionosfer. Comparative Analysis; Explosive Disturbance; GNSS-TEC; Ionosphere; Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling; Tectonic Disturbance.
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC881.2.I6 ionosphere Q Science > QE Geology > QE538.8 Earthquakes. Seismology
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Geomatics Engineering > 29101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Siti Asmayanti Tuasamu
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 02:08
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 02:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138129

Actions (login required)

View Item